Leviticus 22:11

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:11 Quem autem sacerdos emerit, et qui vernaculus domus eius fuerit, his comedent ex eis.

But whom the priest has bought, and whoever has been born in his household, these shall eat from them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quem whom ACC.SG.M.REL
2 autem but ADV
3 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
4 emerit has bought 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
5 et and CONJ
6 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
7 vernaculus homeborn NOM.SG.M
8 domus of the household GEN.SG.F
9 eius his GEN.SG.M.POSS
10 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
11 his these ABL.PL.N.DEM
12 comedent will eat 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
13 ex from PREP+ABL
14 eis them ABL.PL.N.PERS

Syntax

Adversative Exception: Quem autem sacerdos emerit — relative clause stating an allowed category by purchase.
Coordinated Relative Clause: et qui vernaculus domus eius fuerit — second allowed category by birth within the household.
Main Result: his comedent ex eis — permission expressed with future indicative and partitive source.

Morphology

  1. Quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of emerit; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces an exception specifying the person acquired.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks contrast or exception; Translation: “but”; Notes: Shifts from prohibition to permitted cases.
  3. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of emerit; Translation: “priest”; Notes: Holder of household authority.
  4. emerit — Lemma: emo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: “has bought”; Notes: Subjunctive used in defining relative clause.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a second qualifying group.
  6. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of fuerit; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the second exception.
  7. vernaculus — Lemma: vernaculus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate noun; Translation: “homeborn”; Notes: Indicates one born within the household.
  8. domus — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies vernaculus; Translation: “of the household”; Notes: Specifies household membership.
  9. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies domus; Translation: “his”; Notes: Refers to the priest.
  10. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: completes the relative clause; Translation: “has been”; Notes: Subjunctive characteristic of defining relatives.
  11. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: partitive reference with comedent; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the holy things.
  12. comedent — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: states permission; Translation: “will eat”; Notes: Future indicative used normatively.
  13. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Emphasizes extraction from a set.
  14. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers back to the sanctified portions.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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