Leviticus 22:10

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:10 Omnis alienigena non comedet de sanctificatis, inquilinus sacerdotis, et mercenarius non vescentur ex eis.

No foreigner shall eat of the holy things; a resident of a priest, and a hired worker shall not eat from them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnis every NOM.SG.M.ADJ
2 alienigena foreigner NOM.SG.M
3 non not ADV
4 comedet will eat 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 de of PREP+ABL
6 sanctificatis holy things ABL.PL.N
7 inquilinus resident NOM.SG.M
8 sacerdotis of a priest GEN.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 mercenarius hired worker NOM.SG.M
11 non not ADV
12 vescentur will eat 3PL.FUT.DEP.IND
13 ex from PREP+ABL
14 eis them ABL.PL.N.PERS

Syntax

Primary Prohibition: Omnis alienigena non comedet — universal exclusion stated with future indicative.
Partitive Phrase: de sanctificatis — specifies the sacred food.

Coordinated Subjects: inquilinus sacerdotis + mercenarius — additional excluded classes.
Coordinated Prohibition: non vescentur ex eis — deponent verb extending the ban.

Morphology

  1. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies alienigena universally; Translation: “every”; Notes: Establishes without exception the scope of the rule.
  2. alienigena — Lemma: alienigena; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of comedet; Translation: “foreigner”; Notes: A non-priestly outsider lacking covenantal access to sacred food.
  3. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Introduces an absolute prohibition.
  4. comedet — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states a legal prohibition; Translation: “will eat”; Notes: Future indicative functions legislatively.
  5. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive relation; Translation: “of”; Notes: Indicates consumption from a defined sacred set.
  6. sanctificatis — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: Verb (substantive participle); Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “holy things”; Notes: Consecrated portions reserved for priestly consumption.
  7. inquilinus — Lemma: inquilinus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: “resident”; Notes: One dwelling with a priest but lacking priestly status.
  8. sacerdotis — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies inquilinus; Translation: “of a priest”; Notes: Specifies whose household the resident belongs to.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates subjects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links two excluded categories.
  10. mercenarius — Lemma: mercenarius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: “hired worker”; Notes: A wage laborer without familial or covenantal claim.
  11. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates the deponent verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Reiterates the prohibition.
  12. vescentur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: third person plural future indicative; Function: states prohibited action; Translation: “will eat”; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  13. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Slightly stronger than de, emphasizing exclusion.
  14. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers back to the holy things.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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