Leviticus 22:14

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:14 Qui comederit de sanctificatis per ignorantiam, addet quintam partem cum eo quod comedit, et dabit sacerdoti in Sanctuarium.

Whoever eats of the holy things through ignorance, shall add a fifth part together with that which he has eaten, and he shall give it to the priest in the Sanctuary.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui whoever NOM.SG.M.REL
2 comederit has eaten 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
3 de of PREP+ABL
4 sanctificatis holy things ABL.PL.N
5 per through PREP+ACC
6 ignorantiam ignorance ACC.SG.F
7 addet will add 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 quintam fifth ACC.SG.F.ADJ
9 partem part ACC.SG.F
10 cum with PREP+ABL
11 eo that ABL.SG.N.DEM
12 quod which ACC.SG.N.REL
13 comedit he eats 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
14 et and CONJ
15 dabit will give 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
16 sacerdoti to the priest DAT.SG.M
17 in into PREP+ACC
18 Sanctuarium Sanctuary ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Relative Protasis: Qui comederit de sanctificatis per ignorantiam — conditional-relative clause defining the offender and circumstance.
Main Obligation: addet quintam partem — restitution mandated by future indicative.
Accompanying Measure: cum eo quod comedit — addition calculated in relation to the consumed amount.
Coordinated Result: et dabit sacerdoti in Sanctuarium — delivery to priest at the sacred location.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “whoever”; Notes: Generalizing relative introducing a legal case.
  2. comederit — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative protasis; Translation: “has eaten”; Notes: Perfect subjunctive typical of conditional-relative clauses.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive relation; Translation: “of”; Notes: Indicates consumption from sacred portions.
  4. sanctificatis — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: Verb (substantive participle); Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “holy things”; Notes: Consecrated food reserved for priests.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses means or cause; Translation: “through”; Notes: Introduces the manner of offense.
  6. ignorantiam — Lemma: ignorantia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of per; Translation: “ignorance”; Notes: Unintentional violation mitigates guilt but not restitution.
  7. addet — Lemma: addo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states the required restitution; Translation: “will add”; Notes: Future indicative used normatively.
  8. quintam — Lemma: quintus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: modifies partem; Translation: “fifth”; Notes: Specifies the exact surcharge.
  9. partem — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of addet; Translation: “part”; Notes: One-fifth added as compensation.
  10. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: Links the added portion to the original amount.
  11. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of cum; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to the consumed portion.
  12. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object of comedit; Translation: “which”; Notes: Resumes eo with explanatory force.
  13. comedit — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: “he eats”; Notes: Present used generically for the act.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates obligations; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins restitution and delivery.
  15. dabit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states required action; Translation: “will give”; Notes: Normative future.
  16. sacerdoti — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the priest”; Notes: Recipient of restitution.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: indicates direction; Translation: “into”; Notes: Movement toward a sacred space.
  18. Sanctuarium — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “Sanctuary”; Notes: The consecrated location for restitution.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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