Leviticus 22:7

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:7 et occubuerit sol, tunc mundatus vescetur de sanctificatis, quia cibus illius est.

and when the sun has set, then being cleansed he shall eat of the holy things, because it is his food.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 occubuerit has set 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
3 sol sun NOM.SG.M
4 tunc then ADV
5 mundatus having been cleansed PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.SG.M
6 vescetur will eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
7 de of PREP+ABL
8 sanctificatis holy things ABL.PL.N
9 quia because CONJ
10 cibus food NOM.SG.M
11 illius of him GEN.SG.M.POSS
12 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Temporal Clause: et occubuerit sol — temporal condition introduced with the perfect subjunctive.
Temporal Adverb: tunc — marks the resulting moment.

Main Result: mundatus vescetur — restored status followed by permitted action.
Partitive Phrase: de sanctificatis — sacred portions now allowed.

Causal Clause: quia cibus illius est — justification for the permission.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links this condition to the previous sequence; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the chain of ritual conditions.
  2. occubuerit — Lemma: occumbo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: expresses a temporal condition; Translation: “has set”; Notes: Used idiomatically of the sun’s setting, marking the end of ritual impurity.
  3. sol — Lemma: sol; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of occubuerit; Translation: “sun”; Notes: Evening is the decisive boundary for purity status.
  4. tunc — Lemma: tunc; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks the consequent moment; Translation: “then”; Notes: Strongly sequential in legal style.
  5. mundatus — Lemma: mundo; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular; Function: describes the restored ritual state; Translation: “having been cleansed”; Notes: Passive indicates cleansing received, not self-generated.
  6. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: third person singular future indicative; Function: states the permitted action; Translation: “will eat”; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning, typical in legal permissions.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: partitive expression; Translation: “of”; Notes: Indicates consumption from a defined sacred portion.
  8. sanctificatis — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: Verb (substantive participle); Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “holy things”; Notes: Refers to consecrated priestly food.
  9. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces cause; Translation: “because”; Notes: Provides legal rationale.
  10. cibus — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of est; Translation: “food”; Notes: Designates the priestly provision.
  11. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive modifier of cibus; Translation: “of him”; Notes: Refers back to the priest concerned.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copular verb; Translation: “is”; Notes: Asserts an enduring entitlement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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