Leviticus 22:13

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:13 sin autem vidua, vel repudiata, et absque liberis reversa fuerit ad domum patris sui: sicut puella consueverat, aletur cibis patris sui. Omnis alienigena comedendi ex eis non habet potestatem.

But if she has been widowed, or divorced, and being without children, has returned to her father’s house, as she was accustomed when she was a girl, she shall be nourished by her father’s food. No foreigner has authority to eat from them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 vidua widowed NOM.SG.F
4 vel or CONJ
5 repudiata divorced PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.SG.F
6 et and CONJ
7 absque without PREP+ABL
8 liberis children ABL.PL.M
9 reversa having returned PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.SG.F
10 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 domum house ACC.SG.F
13 patris of father GEN.SG.M
14 sui her own GEN.SG.M.REFL
15 sicut as ADV
16 puella girl NOM.SG.F
17 consueverat was accustomed 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
18 aletur she shall be nourished 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
19 cibis by foods ABL.PL.M
20 patris of father GEN.SG.M
21 sui her own GEN.SG.M.REFL
22 Omnis every NOM.SG.M.ADJ
23 alienigena foreigner NOM.SG.M
24 comedendi of eating GER.GEN.SG.N
25 ex from PREP+ABL
26 eis them ABL.PL.N.PERS
27 non not ADV
28 habet has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
29 potestatem authority ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: sin autem vidua vel repudiata … reversa fuerit — exception allowing return after widowhood or divorce without offspring.
Prepositional Phrase: absque liberis — condition of childlessness.
Directional Phrase: ad domum patris sui — restoration to paternal household.
Comparative Clause: sicut puella consueverat — standard of former status.
Main Result: aletur cibis patris sui — provision restored.
General Prohibition: Omnis alienigena … non habet potestatem — exclusion of outsiders, expressed with a gerundive complement.

Morphology

  1. sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces an alternative condition; Translation: “but if”; Notes: Sets a contrasting legal scenario.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks transition; Translation: “however”; Notes: Signals an exception to the prior rule.
  3. vidua — Lemma: vidua; Part of Speech: Noun/Adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of the condition; Translation: “widowed”; Notes: Marital status qualifying eligibility.
  4. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: offers an alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Coordinates statuses.
  5. repudiata — Lemma: repudio; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate participle; Translation: “divorced”; Notes: Legal dissolution implied.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins conditions; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links cumulative requirements.
  7. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: expresses absence; Translation: “without”; Notes: Emphasizes lack of dependents.
  8. liberis — Lemma: liber; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of absque; Translation: “children”; Notes: Offspring affecting household status.
  9. reversa — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent participle); Form: perfect participle nominative feminine singular; Function: describes completed return; Translation: “having returned”; Notes: Deponent with active sense.
  10. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: completes the conditional clause; Translation: “has been”; Notes: Subjunctive in conditional protasis.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates movement toward household.
  12. domum — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “house”; Notes: Familial dwelling.
  13. patris — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies domum; Translation: “of father”; Notes: Paternal authority.
  14. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Reflexive possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies patris; Translation: “her own”; Notes: Reflexive to the subject.
  15. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: “as”; Notes: Establishes prior norm.
  16. puella — Lemma: puella; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of consueverat; Translation: “girl”; Notes: Refers to unmarried status.
  17. consueverat — Lemma: consuesco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: states prior customary state; Translation: “was accustomed”; Notes: Habitual past.
  18. aletur — Lemma: alo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main result; Translation: “she shall be nourished”; Notes: Passive indicates provision received.
  19. cibis — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “by foods”; Notes: Refers to priestly provisions.
  20. patris — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies cibis; Translation: “of father”; Notes: Ownership of provision.
  21. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Reflexive possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies patris; Translation: “her own”; Notes: Reflexive reference maintained.
  22. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies alienigena; Translation: “every”; Notes: Universal scope.
  23. alienigena — Lemma: alienigena; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of habet; Translation: “foreigner”; Notes: Non-priestly outsider.
  24. comedendi — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Gerund; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: objective genitive with potestatem; Translation: “of eating”; Notes: Expresses the action governed.
  25. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Specifies the sacred items.
  26. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to holy provisions.
  27. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates habet; Translation: “not”; Notes: Absolute denial.
  28. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: states possession; Translation: “has”; Notes: Legal authority in view.
  29. potestatem — Lemma: potestas; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of habet; Translation: “authority”; Notes: Juridical right or permission.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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