Leviticus 23:16

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:16 usque ad alteram diem expletionis hebdomadæ septimæ, id est quinquaginta dies: et sic offeretis sacrificium novum Domino

up to the day after the completion of the seventh week, that is fifty days; and thus you shall offer a new sacrifice to the LORD

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 usque up to ADV
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 alteram the other / next ACC.SG.F.ADJ
4 diem day ACC.SG.M
5 expletionis of completion GEN.SG.F
6 hebdomadæ of the week GEN.SG.F
7 septimæ seventh GEN.SG.F.ADJ
8 id that NOM.SG.N.DEM
9 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 quinquaginta fifty INDECL.NUM
11 dies days ACC.PL.M
12 et and CONJ
13 sic thus ADV
14 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 sacrificium sacrifice ACC.SG.N
16 novum new ACC.SG.N.ADJ
17 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Terminal Limit: usque ad alteram diem expletionis hebdomadæ septimæ — prepositional phrase setting the endpoint of the counting period, with a genitive chain specifying completion.
Appositional Clarification: id est quinquaginta dies — explanatory clause equating the period with a total of fifty days.
Consequential Command: et sic offeretis sacrificium novum Domino — coordinated result clause prescribing the cultic act that follows the completed count.

Morphology

  1. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: limit marker; Translation: “up to”; Notes: Introduces the terminal boundary of time.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction in time; Translation: “to”; Notes: Completes the limit expression.
  3. alteram — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: modifies diem; Translation: “the other / next”; Notes: Indicates the day following completion.
  4. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “day”; Notes: Temporal endpoint.
  5. expletionis — Lemma: expletio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of completion”; Notes: Emphasizes fullness and completion.
  6. hebdomadæ — Lemma: hebdomas; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: “of the week”; Notes: Refers to a seven-day unit.
  7. septimæ — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies hebdomadæ; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Marks the final week in the sequence.
  8. id — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of explanation; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces an equivalence statement.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  10. quinquaginta — Lemma: quinquaginta; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies dies; Translation: “fifty”; Notes: Total count of days.
  11. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: accusative of extent; Translation: “days”; Notes: Measures the full duration.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins consequence to calculation.
  13. sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: manner/result; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Signals consequence based on the count.
  14. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: principal command; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Legislative future prescribing ritual action.
  15. sacrificium — Lemma: sacrificium; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “sacrifice”; Notes: General term for cultic offering.
  16. novum — Lemma: novus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifies sacrificium; Translation: “new”; Notes: Indicates a fresh offering distinct from prior rites.
  17. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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