Leviticus 23:17

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:17 ex omnibus habitaculis vestris, panes primitiarum duos de duabus decimis similæ fermentatæ, quos coquetis in primitias Domini.

from all your dwellings, you shall bring two loaves of firstfruits from two tenths of fermented fine flour, which you shall bake as firstfruits to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ex from PREP+ABL
2 omnibus all ABL.PL.N.ADJ
3 habitaculis dwellings ABL.PL.N
4 vestris your ABL.PL.N.POSS
5 panes loaves ACC.PL.M
6 primitiarum of firstfruits GEN.PL.F
7 duos two ACC.PL.M.NUM.ADJ
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 duabus two ABL.PL.F.NUM.ADJ
10 decimis tenths ABL.PL.F
11 similæ of fine flour GEN.SG.F
12 fermentatæ leavened GEN.SG.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
13 quos which ACC.PL.M.REL
14 coquetis you shall bake 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 in as PREP+ACC
16 primitias firstfruits ACC.PL.F
17 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Source Phrase: ex omnibus habitaculis vestris — prepositional ablative indicating the communal origin of the offering.
Direct Object: panes primitiarum duos — accusative noun phrase specifying the items to be presented and their number.
Material Specification: de duabus decimis similæ fermentatæ — prepositional phrase defining the composition of the loaves.
Relative Clause: quos coquetis — future active verb describing the required preparation.
Purpose/Designation: in primitias Domini — prepositional phrase marking the loaves as consecrated firstfruits to YHWH.

Morphology

  1. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates origin.
  2. omnibus — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes total participation.
  3. habitaculis — Lemma: habitaculum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “dwellings”; Notes: Refers to places of residence.
  4. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: “your”; Notes: Addresses the covenant community.
  5. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “loaves”; Notes: Prepared grain offerings.
  6. primitiarum — Lemma: primitiæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of firstfruits”; Notes: Marks consecrated status.
  7. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies panes; Translation: “two”; Notes: Fixed ritual number.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: material source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Specifies composition.
  9. duabus — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifies decimis; Translation: “two”; Notes: Quantitative measure.
  10. decimis — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “tenths”; Notes: Standard cultic measure.
  11. similæ — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of fine flour”; Notes: Refined grain ingredient.
  12. fermentatæ — Lemma: fermento; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: genitive feminine singular perfect passive participle; Function: modifies similæ; Translation: “leavened”; Notes: Distinguishes these loaves from unleavened offerings.
  13. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of coquetis; Translation: “which”; Notes: Refers back to panes.
  14. coquetis — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: relative clause verb; Translation: “you shall bake”; Notes: Specifies preparation method.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: purpose/designation; Translation: “as”; Notes: Marks consecrated function.
  16. primitias — Lemma: primitias; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “firstfruits”; Notes: Ritual offering category.
  17. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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