Leviticus 23:19

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:19 Facietis et hircum pro peccato, duosque agnos anniculos hostias pacificorum.

You shall also make a goat for sin, and two year-old lambs as sacrifices of peace offerings.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Facietis you shall make 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
2 et also CONJ
3 hircum goat ACC.SG.M
4 pro for PREP+ABL
5 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
6 duosque and two ACC.PL.M.NUM.ADJ+CONJ
7 agnos lambs ACC.PL.M
8 anniculos year-old ACC.PL.M.ADJ
9 hostias sacrifices ACC.PL.F
10 pacificorum of peace offerings GEN.PL.N

Syntax

Main Command: Facietis — legislative future commanding performance of sacrificial acts.
Sin-Offering Specification: hircum pro peccato — accusative object with a prepositional phrase indicating purpose, identifying the goat as the sin offering.
Additional Offerings: duosque agnos anniculos hostias pacificorum — coordinated accusative phrase listing two lambs, qualified by age, further apposed as peace-offering sacrifices.

Morphology

  1. Facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: principal command; Translation: “you shall make”; Notes: Legislative future prescribing ritual performance.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: additive connector; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds another required offering to the sequence.
  3. hircum — Lemma: hircus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “goat”; Notes: Male goat designated for a specific offering type.
  4. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: purpose/representation; Translation: “for”; Notes: Marks the goat’s sacrificial purpose.
  5. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: “sin”; Notes: Signals a sin offering in cultic context.
  6. duosque — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies agnos; Translation: “and two”; Notes: Enclitic -que joins the next item to the list.
  7. agnos — Lemma: agnus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “lambs”; Notes: Common peace-offering animal.
  8. anniculos — Lemma: anniculus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies agnos; Translation: “year-old”; Notes: Specifies acceptable sacrificial age.
  9. hostias — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: apposition to agnos; Translation: “sacrifices”; Notes: Clarifies the lambs’ cultic role.
  10. pacificorum — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: modifies hostias; Translation: “of peace offerings”; Notes: Identifies the sacrifices as belonging to the peace-offering category.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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