Leviticus 23:18

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

18 Offeretisque cum panibus septem agnos immaculatos anniculos, et vitulum de armento unum, et arietes duos, et erunt in holocaustum cum libamentis suis, in odorem suavissimum Domini.

And you shall offer with the loaves seven unblemished year-old lambs, and one calf from the herd, and two rams; and they shall be a burnt offering with their drink offerings, as a most pleasing aroma to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Offeretisque and you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 cum with PREP+ABL
3 panibus loaves ABL.PL.M
4 septem seven INDECL.NUM
5 agnos lambs ACC.PL.M
6 immaculatos unblemished ACC.PL.M.ADJ
7 anniculos year-old ACC.PL.M.ADJ
8 et and CONJ
9 vitulum calf ACC.SG.M
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 armento the herd ABL.SG.N
12 unum one ACC.SG.M.NUM.ADJ
13 et and CONJ
14 arietes rams ACC.PL.M
15 duos two ACC.PL.M.NUM.ADJ
16 et and CONJ
17 erunt they shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
18 in as PREP+ACC
19 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N
20 cum with PREP+ABL
21 libamentis drink offerings ABL.PL.N
22 suis their ABL.PL.N.POSS
23 in as PREP+ACC
24 odorem aroma ACC.SG.M
25 suavissimum most pleasing ACC.SG.M.ADJ.SUPER
26 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Command: Offeretisque — legislative future with enclitic conjunction linking this instruction to the preceding rite.
Accompaniment: cum panibus — ablative of accompaniment indicating the offerings are presented together with the loaves.
Enumerated Objects: septem agnos … vitulum … arietes duos — coordinated accusatives listing the sacrificial animals with qualifying adjectives.
Resultant Designation: erunt in holocaustum — future copular clause assigning cultic status as a burnt offering.
Associated Libations: cum libamentis suis — accompaniment specifying required drink offerings.
Resulting Effect: in odorem suavissimum Domini — accusative of result expressing divine acceptance.

Morphology

  1. Offeretisque — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: principal command; Translation: “and you shall offer”; Notes: Enclitic -que coordinates with prior commands.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: Indicates offerings presented together.
  3. panibus — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of cum; Translation: “loaves”; Notes: Refers to the firstfruits loaves.
  4. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies agnos; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed ritual number.
  5. agnos — Lemma: agnus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “lambs”; Notes: Common sacrificial animal.
  6. immaculatos — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies agnos; Translation: “unblemished”; Notes: Required cultic purity.
  7. anniculos — Lemma: anniculus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies agnos; Translation: “year-old”; Notes: Specifies age suitability.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the list.
  9. vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “calf”; Notes: Young bovine offering.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates origin within a group.
  11. armento — Lemma: armentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “the herd”; Notes: Collective for cattle.
  12. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: modifies vitulum; Translation: “one”; Notes: Singular specification.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins additional animals.
  14. arietes — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “rams”; Notes: Mature male sheep.
  15. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies arietes; Translation: “two”; Notes: Required count.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces result clause.
  17. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: copular verb; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Assigns cultic status.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: designation; Translation: “as”; Notes: Indicates purpose or role.
  19. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “burnt offering”; Notes: Offering wholly consumed by fire.
  20. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: Adds required accompaniments.
  21. libamentis — Lemma: libamentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: object of cum; Translation: “drink offerings”; Notes: Liquid offerings paired with sacrifices.
  22. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifies libamentis; Translation: “their”; Notes: Corresponding to each animal.
  23. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: result; Translation: “as”; Notes: Marks outcome of the offering.
  24. odorem — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: accusative of result; Translation: “aroma”; Notes: Metaphor for divine acceptance.
  25. suavissimum — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular superlative; Function: modifies odorem; Translation: “most pleasing”; Notes: Superlative intensifying approval.
  26. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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