Leviticus 23:33

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:33 Et locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 locutus spoken NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.DEP
3 est is / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
7 dicens saying NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus … locutus est — subject with a perfect deponent verb expressing completed divine speech.
Recipient Phrase: ad Moysen — prepositional phrase indicating the addressee of revelation.
Participial Extension: dicens — present participle introducing the forthcoming direct discourse.
Connector: Et — coordinates this revelation with the preceding instructions.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links this speech act to the prior narrative context.
  2. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle, deponent); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect deponent participle; Function: forms the perfect periphrastic verb with est; Translation: “spoken”; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “has”; Notes: Completes the perfect tense with the participle.
  4. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH speaking authoritatively.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction toward a person; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the recipient of speech.
  6. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Covenant mediator and prophetic recipient.
  7. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular present active participle; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of the divine speech.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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