Leviticus 23:34

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:34 Loquere filiis Israel: A quintodecimo die mensis huius septimi, erunt feriæ tabernaculorum septem diebus Domino.

“Speak to the sons of Israel: ‘From the fifteenth day of this seventh month, there shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 filiis sons DAT.PL.M
3 Israel Israel INDECL.PROPN
4 A from PREP+ABL
5 quintodecimo fifteenth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
6 die day ABL.SG.M
7 mensis of the month GEN.SG.M
8 huius this GEN.SG.M.DEM
9 septimi seventh GEN.SG.M.ADJ
10 erunt there shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 feriæ feast NOM.PL.F
12 tabernaculorum of tabernacles GEN.PL.N
13 septem seven INVAR.NUM
14 diebus days ABL.PL.M
15 Domino LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Imperative Commission: Loquere filiis Israel — direct command authorizing proclamation to the covenant community.
Temporal Marker: A quintodecimo die mensis huius septimi — ablative phrase fixing the start date.
Existential Declaration: erunt feriæ tabernaculorum — future indicative establishing the festival.
Duration: septem diebus — ablative of time indicating length.
Dative of Dedication: Domino — marks the feast as consecrated to YHWH.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person singular present imperative deponent; Function: command; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Deponent imperative with active force.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the sons”; Notes: Addresses the covenant members.
  3. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive apposition to filiis; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: Collective national designation.
  4. A — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: starting point; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces temporal beginning.
  5. quintodecimo — Lemma: quintodecimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “fifteenth”; Notes: Ordinal date marker.
  6. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal noun; Translation: “day”; Notes: Calendar reference.
  7. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Specifies the calendar unit.
  8. huius — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies mensis; Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to the current month.
  9. septimi — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: further modifies mensis; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Ordinal identification of the month.
  10. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Legislative future establishing observance.
  11. feriæ — Lemma: feriæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: subject; Translation: “feast”; Notes: Plural noun for festival days.
  12. tabernaculorum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: attributive genitive; Translation: “of tabernacles”; Notes: Identifies the specific feast.
  13. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed festival length.
  14. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: duration; Translation: “days”; Notes: Time span of observance.
  15. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: dative of dedication; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the recipient of worship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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