Leviticus 24:3

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 24:3 extra velum testimonii in tabernaculo fœderis. Ponetque eas Aaron a vespere usque ad mane coram Domino, cultu rituque perpetuo in generationibus vestris.

outside the veil of the testimony in the tabernacle of the covenant. And Aaron shall set them from evening until morning before the LORD, as a perpetual service and rite throughout your generations.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 extra outside PREP+ACC
2 velum veil ACC.SG.N
3 testimonii of testimony GEN.SG.N
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 tabernaculo tabernacle ABL.SG.N
6 fœderis of covenant GEN.SG.N
7 Ponetque and he shall place 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 eas them ACC.PL.F PRON
9 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M INDECL
10 a from PREP+ABL
11 vespere evening ABL.SG.M
12 usque until PREP+ACC
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 mane morning ACC.SG.N
15 coram before PREP+ABL
16 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
17 cultu service ABL.SG.M
18 rituque and rite ABL.SG.M
19 perpetuo perpetual ABL.SG.M ADJ
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F
22 vestris your ABL.PL.F POSS

Syntax

Locative Phrase: extra velum testimonii — prepositional phrase indicating position relative to the veil.

Embedded Location: in tabernaculo fœderis — specifies the sacred setting of the action.

Main Clause: Aaron (Subject) + Ponet (Future verb of ritual action).

Direct Object: eas — refers back to the lamps previously mentioned.

Temporal Span: a vespere usque ad mane — marks continuous duration.

Ritual Orientation: coram Domino — cultic phrase indicating divine presence.

Manner and Norm: cultu rituque perpetuo — ablative of manner describing regulated worship.

Temporal Extension: in generationibus vestris — expresses enduring obligation across time.

Morphology

  1. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses position outside a boundary; Translation: outside; Notes: commonly used for spatial exclusion in cultic descriptions.
  2. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of extra; Translation: veil; Notes: refers to the curtain separating sacred zones.
  3. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive neuter singular, second declension; Function: modifies velum; Translation: of testimony; Notes: denotes association with the tablets of witness.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks fixed location; Translation: in; Notes: ablative signals rest rather than motion.
  5. tabernaculo — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: central mobile sanctuary in Israel’s wilderness cult.
  6. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive neuter singular, third declension; Function: modifies tabernaculo; Translation: of the covenant; Notes: emphasizes covenantal identity of the sanctuary.
  7. Ponetque — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active with enclitic conjunction; Function: main verb expressing prescribed action; Translation: and he shall place; Notes: future indicative carries prescriptive force in legal-ritual language.
  8. eas — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object of Ponet; Translation: them; Notes: refers anaphorically to the lamps.
  9. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, indeclinable; Function: subject of Ponet; Translation: Aaron; Notes: high priestly agent of the ritual action.
  10. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks point of origin in time; Translation: from; Notes: temporal usage common with time expressions.
  11. vespere — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, first declension; Function: object of a; Translation: evening; Notes: beginning of the nightly cultic cycle.
  12. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses limit or extent; Translation: until; Notes: often paired with ad for emphasis.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks terminal point; Translation: to; Notes: reinforces the endpoint of duration.
  14. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, indeclinable; Function: object of ad; Translation: morning; Notes: contrasts with vespere to express continuity.
  15. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates presence before someone; Translation: before; Notes: standard cultic term for divine presence.
  16. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: rendered “LORD” because it denotes YHWH.
  17. cultu — Lemma: cultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, fourth declension; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: service; Notes: denotes ordered religious observance.
  18. rituque — Lemma: ritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, fourth declension with enclitic conjunction; Function: coordinated ablative of manner; Translation: and rite; Notes: emphasizes formalized ceremonial practice.
  19. perpetuo — Lemma: perpetuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies cultu and ritu; Translation: perpetual; Notes: stresses uninterrupted validity.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks temporal sphere; Translation: in; Notes: extended metaphorically from space to time.
  21. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: generations; Notes: expresses continuity across descendants.
  22. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifies generationibus; Translation: your; Notes: addresses the Israelite community directly.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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