Leviticus 24:5

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 24:5 Accipies quoque similam, et coques ex ea duodecim panes, qui singuli habebunt duas decimas:

You shall also take fine flour and bake from it twelve loaves, each of which shall have two tenths.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Accipies you shall take 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 quoque also ADV
3 similam fine flour ACC.SG.F
4 et and CONJ
5 coques you shall bake 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 ex from PREP+ABL
7 ea it ABL.SG.F PRON
8 duodecim twelve INDECL
9 panes loaves ACC.PL.M
10 qui which NOM.PL.M REL
11 singuli each NOM.PL.M
12 habebunt they shall have 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
13 duas two ACC.PL.F
14 decimas tenths ACC.PL.F

Syntax

Main Clause: Accipies (future imperative-style verb) + similam (direct object), expanded by quoque indicating addition to prior instructions.

Coordinated Verb: coques — continues the sequence of prescribed actions.

Material Phrase: ex ea — ablative of source indicating what the loaves are made from.

Direct Object: duodecim panes — the items produced.

Relative Clause: qui singuli habebunt duas decimas — defines each loaf individually and specifies its measured content.

Morphology

  1. Accipies — Lemma: accipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: issues a prescriptive instruction; Translation: you shall take; Notes: future indicative functions as a command in ritual legislation.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds this instruction to previous ones; Translation: also; Notes: signals continuation rather than contrast.
  3. similam — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, first declension; Function: direct object of Accipies; Translation: fine flour; Notes: refined grain product used in cultic bread offerings.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links coordinated verbs; Translation: and; Notes: maintains sequential flow of instructions.
  5. coques — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: specifies the required action; Translation: you shall bake; Notes: parallels Accipies as part of a legal-ritual sequence.
  6. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates material source; Translation: from; Notes: stresses derivation of the bread from the flour.
  7. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of ex, referring back to similam; Translation: it; Notes: cohesive anaphoric reference within the instruction.
  8. duodecim — Lemma: duodecim; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies panes; Translation: twelve; Notes: fixed number with symbolic and organizational significance.
  9. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural, third declension; Function: direct object of coques; Translation: loaves; Notes: refers to prepared bread units for ritual placement.
  10. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: introduces a relative clause modifying panes; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with its antecedent in gender and number.
  11. singuli — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: emphasizes individual distribution within the group; Translation: each; Notes: highlights that the measure applies per loaf, not collectively.
  12. habebunt — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: they shall have; Notes: future tense aligns with prescriptive instruction.
  13. duas — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: modifies decimas; Translation: two; Notes: feminine form agrees with decimas.
  14. decimas — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural, first declension; Function: direct object of habebunt; Translation: tenths; Notes: technical measurement term, implying a fixed sacred proportion.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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