Leviticus 24:10

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

10 Ecce autem egressus filius mulieris Israelitidis, quem pepererat de viro Ægyptio inter filios Israel, iurgatus est in castris cum viro Israelita.

Behold, however, the son of an Israelite woman, whom she had borne by an Egyptian man, went out among the sons of Israel and quarreled in the camp with an Israelite man.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ecce behold INTJ
2 autem however ADV
3 egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP DEP
4 filius son NOM.SG.M NOUN
5 mulieris of a woman GEN.SG.F
6 Israelitidis Israelite GEN.SG.F ADJ
7 quem whom ACC.SG.M REL
8 pepererat had borne 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
9 de from / by PREP+ABL
10 viro man ABL.SG.M
11 Ægyptio Egyptian ABL.SG.M ADJ
12 inter among PREP+ACC
13 filios sons ACC.PL.M
14 Israel Israel INDECL
15 iurgatus having quarreled NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP DEP
16 est is / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 castris camp ABL.PL.N
19 cum with PREP+ABL
20 viro man ABL.SG.M
21 Israelita Israelite ABL.SG.M ADJ

Syntax

Discourse Marker: Ecce autem — introduces a noteworthy and disruptive narrative development.

Main Subject: filius mulieris Israelitidis — the individual is defined by maternal lineage.

Participial Modifier: egressus — deponent participle describing the subject’s action of going out.

Relative Clause: quem pepererat de viro Ægyptio — provides paternal background and mixed lineage.

Locative Phrase: inter filios Israel — situates the action within the Israelite community.

Finite Predicate: iurgatus est — deponent perfect expressing conflict.

Setting and Opponent: in castris cum viro Israelita — specifies place and counterpart in the dispute.

Morphology

  1. Ecce — Lemma: ecce; Part of Speech: interjection; Form: indeclinable; Function: draws attention to a significant event; Translation: behold; Notes: frequently marks sudden or dramatic narrative turns.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds mild contrast or progression; Translation: however; Notes: often advances the narrative rather than opposing it sharply.
  3. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent participle); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect participle; Function: modifies filius; Translation: having gone out; Notes: deponent form is passive in morphology but active in meaning.
  4. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, second declension; Function: grammatical subject; Translation: son; Notes: identity is immediately qualified by maternal descent.
  5. mulieris — Lemma: mulier; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, third declension; Function: modifies filius; Translation: of a woman; Notes: genitive expresses family relationship.
  6. Israelitidis — Lemma: Israelitides; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: further modifies mulieris; Translation: Israelite; Notes: specifies covenantal identity through the mother.
  7. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of pepererat; Translation: whom; Notes: refers back to filius.
  8. pepererat — Lemma: pario; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: had borne; Notes: pluperfect situates the birth prior to the current event.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates origin or parentage; Translation: from / by; Notes: used idiomatically for paternal source.
  10. viro — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: man; Notes: emphasizes adult male status.
  11. Ægyptio — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies viro; Translation: Egyptian; Notes: highlights foreign lineage.
  12. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses position among a group; Translation: among; Notes: situates the action within the community.
  13. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural, second declension; Function: object of inter; Translation: sons; Notes: collective reference to the Israelites.
  14. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival apposition to filios; Translation: Israel; Notes: covenant people named without inflection.
  15. iurgatus — Lemma: iurgor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent participle); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect participle; Function: forms the verbal idea with est; Translation: having quarreled; Notes: deponent verb expressing verbal or legal contention.
  16. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary with iurgatus; Translation: is / has; Notes: with a perfect participle yields a perfect deponent sense.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: ablative denotes rest within a place.
  18. castris — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: camp; Notes: plural form with singular collective sense.
  19. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates association or opposition; Translation: with; Notes: here marks the opposing party.
  20. viro — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, second declension; Function: object of cum; Translation: man; Notes: denotes an adult male Israelite.
  21. Israelita — Lemma: Israelita; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies viro; Translation: Israelite; Notes: contrasts with the earlier Ægyptio.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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