Leviticus 24:11

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

11 Cumque blasphemasset nomen, et maledixisset ei, adductus est ad Moysen. (Vocabatur autem mater eius Salumith, filia Dabri de tribu Dan.)

And when he had blasphemed the name and cursed it, he was brought to Moyses. (Now his mother was called Salumith, daughter of Dabri, of the tribe of Dan.)

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 blasphemasset had blasphemed 3SG.PLUP.SUBJ.ACT
3 nomen the Name ACC.SG.N
4 et and CONJ
5 maledixisset had cursed 3SG.PLUP.SUBJ.ACT
6 ei it / to it DAT.SG
7 adductus having been brought NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.PASS
8 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 Moysen Moyses ACC.SG.M
11 Vocabatur was called 3SG.IMP.PASS.IND
12 autem now ADV
13 mater mother NOM.SG.F
14 eius his GEN.SG POSS
15 Salumith Shelomith NOM.SG.F INDECL
16 filia daughter NOM.SG.F
17 Dabri Dibri GEN.SG.M INDECL
18 de from PREP+ABL
19 tribu tribe ABL.SG.F
20 Dan Dan INDECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque blasphemasset nomen et maledixisset ei — cum-clause with pluperfect subjunctives expressing prior completed actions.

Main Clause: adductus est — passive perfect construction narrating judicial response.

Goal Phrase: ad Moysen — indicates authoritative adjudicator.

Parenthetical Identification: Vocabatur autem mater eius… — explanatory aside supplying lineage.

Appositional Structure: Salumith, filia Dabri — names and genealogical clarification.

Tribal Origin: de tribu Dan — specifies covenantal affiliation.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: temporal conjunction with enclitic; Function: introduces a temporal-circumstantial clause; Translation: and when; Notes: with the subjunctive it situates background action.
  2. blasphemasset — Lemma: blasphemo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the cum-clause; Translation: had blasphemed; Notes: expresses completed offense prior to judgment.
  3. nomen — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, third declension; Function: direct object of blasphemasset; Translation: the Name; Notes: reverential circumlocution for the divine Name.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links parallel offenses; Translation: and; Notes: additive coordination.
  5. maledixisset — Lemma: maledico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect subjunctive active; Function: second verb in the cum-clause; Translation: had cursed; Notes: intensifies the gravity of the act.
  6. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object of maledixisset; Translation: to it; Notes: refers back to nomen.
  7. adductus — Lemma: adduco; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive predicate with est; Translation: having been brought; Notes: judicial transfer implied.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: completes the perfect passive.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: indicates motion toward authority; Translation: to; Notes: juridical orientation.
  10. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moyses; Notes: leader and judge.
  11. Vocabatur — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect indicative passive; Function: introduces explanatory identification; Translation: was called; Notes: imperfect sets descriptive background.
  12. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks parenthetical clarification; Translation: now; Notes: narrative transition.
  13. mater — Lemma: mater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, third declension; Function: subject of vocabatur; Translation: mother; Notes: lineage emphasized maternally.
  14. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies mater; Translation: his; Notes: refers to the offender.
  15. Salumith — Lemma: Salumith; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, indeclinable; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Salumith; Notes: Hebrew name preserved in Latin form.
  16. filia — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, first declension; Function: apposition to Salumith; Translation: daughter; Notes: genealogical clarification.
  17. Dabri — Lemma: Dabri; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive masculine singular, indeclinable; Function: modifies filia; Translation: of Dabri; Notes: paternal identification.
  18. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: from; Notes: lineage marker.
  19. tribu — Lemma: tribus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, fourth declension; Function: object of de; Translation: tribe; Notes: covenantal grouping.
  20. Dan — Lemma: Dan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: apposition to tribu; Translation: Dan; Notes: one of the tribes of Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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