Leviticus 24:8

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

8 Per singula sabbata mutabuntur coram Domino suscepti a filiis Israel fœdere sempiterno:

On each sabbath they shall be changed before the LORD, having been received from the sons of Israel by an everlasting covenant;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Per through / on PREP+ACC
2 singula each ACC.PL.N
3 sabbata Sabbaths ACC.PL.N
4 mutabuntur they shall be changed 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND
5 coram before PREP+ABL
6 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
7 suscepti having been received NOM.PL.M PERF.PTCP.PASS
8 a from PREP+ABL
9 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
10 Israel Israel INDECL
11 fœdere by covenant ABL.SG.N
12 sempiterno everlasting ABL.SG.N ADJ

Syntax

Temporal Phrase: Per singula sabbata — accusative with per expressing recurring time.

Main Verb: mutabuntur — future passive indicating a regulated ritual action.

Sacred Orientation: coram Domino — locative-cultic phrase denoting divine presence.

Participial Description: suscepti a filiis Israel — perfect passive participle describing the items as received from Israel.

Instrumental / Normative Phrase: fœdere sempiterno — ablative expressing the enduring covenantal basis.

Morphology

  1. Per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces a temporal span or recurrence; Translation: on / through; Notes: with time expressions it conveys regular repetition.
  2. singula — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: modifies sabbata; Translation: each; Notes: distributive sense emphasizes every individual Sabbath.
  3. sabbata — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural, second declension; Function: object of per; Translation: Sabbaths; Notes: Hebrew loanword treated as a regular Latin neuter.
  4. mutabuntur — Lemma: muto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative passive; Function: main predicate; Translation: they shall be changed; Notes: passive focuses on the prescribed action rather than the agent.
  5. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates presence before someone; Translation: before; Notes: common in cultic and judicial contexts.
  6. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: rendered “LORD” because it denotes YHWH.
  7. suscepti — Lemma: suscipio; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: nominative masculine plural perfect passive participle; Function: participial modifier of the implicit subject (the loaves); Translation: having been received; Notes: describes their accepted status prior to being changed.
  8. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks source or agent; Translation: from; Notes: introduces the human source of the offering.
  9. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural, second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to the collective contributors.
  10. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival apposition specifying filiis; Translation: Israel; Notes: Hebrew proper name treated as indeclinable in Latin.
  11. fœdere — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, third declension; Function: ablative of means or basis; Translation: by covenant; Notes: expresses the legal-theological ground of the action.
  12. sempiterno — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: modifies fœdere; Translation: everlasting; Notes: stresses unending validity across generations.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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