Leviticus 24:13

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 24:13 Qui locutus est ad Moysen,

The one who spoke to Moyses,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M REL
2 locutus having spoken NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP DEP
3 est is / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moyses ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Relative Clause: Qui locutus est ad Moysen — relative clause referring back to Dominus from the preceding context.

Verbal Construction: locutus est — perfect deponent verb expressing completed divine speech.

Indirect Object / Direction: ad Moysen — prepositional phrase indicating the recipient of revelation.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers anaphorically to the LORD mentioned immediately before.
  2. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent participle); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect participle; Function: with est forms the perfect deponent predicate; Translation: having spoken; Notes: deponent form is passive in morphology but active in meaning.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary completing the perfect tense; Translation: is / has; Notes: yields a completed past sense with the perfect participle.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction or recipient; Translation: to; Notes: standard with verbs of communication.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Greek-type accusative in –en preserved in biblical Latin.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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