Leviticus 24:16

Posted on April 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 24:16 et qui blasphemaverit nomen Domini, morte moriatur: lapidibus opprimet eum omnis multitudo, sive ille civis, sive peregrinus fuerit. Qui blasphemaverit nomen Domini, morte moriatur.

and whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD, shall surely be put to death; the whole multitude shall crush him with stones, whether he is a citizen or a sojourner. Whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD shall surely be put to death.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 qui whoever NOM.SG.M REL
3 blasphemaverit has blasphemed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 nomen name ACC.SG.N
5 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
6 morte by death ABL.SG.F
7 moriatur let him die 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP
8 lapidibus with stones ABL.PL.M
9 opprimet shall crush 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 eum him ACC.SG.M PRON
11 omnis entire NOM.SG.F
12 multitudo multitude NOM.SG.F
13 sive whether CONJ
14 ille he NOM.SG.M DEM
15 civis citizen NOM.SG.C
16 sive or CONJ
17 peregrinus sojourner NOM.SG.M
18 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
19 Qui whoever NOM.SG.M REL
20 blasphemaverit has blasphemed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
21 nomen name ACC.SG.N
22 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
23 morte by death ABL.SG.F
24 moriatur let him die 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP

Syntax

Legal Protasis: qui blasphemaverit nomen Domini — relative clause stating the offense.

Penalty Formula: morte moriatur — emphatic death sentence using cognate ablative with jussive subjunctive.

Execution Clause: lapidibus opprimet eum omnis multitudo — future indicative assigning action to the community.

Inclusivity Clause: sive ille civis sive peregrinus fuerit — regardless of civic status.

Reiterated Statute: Qui blasphemaverit nomen Domini, morte moriatur — repetition for legal emphasis and closure.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links statutes; Translation: and; Notes: continues legal discourse.
  2. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: generic legal subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: applies universally.
  3. blasphemaverit — Lemma: blasphemo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the condition; Translation: has blasphemed; Notes: offense viewed as completed.
  4. nomen — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: name; Notes: reverential reference.
  5. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies nomen; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: denotes YHWH.
  6. morte — Lemma: mors; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: cognate ablative; Translation: by death; Notes: intensifies the penalty.
  7. moriatur — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: jussive penalty; Translation: let him die; Notes: formal legal imperative.
  8. lapidibus — Lemma: lapis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: instrument; Translation: with stones; Notes: specifies execution method.
  9. opprimet — Lemma: opprimo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: predicate; Translation: shall crush; Notes: vivid juridical verb.
  10. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: offender in view.
  11. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies multitudo; Translation: entire; Notes: total participation.
  12. multitudo — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject; Translation: multitude; Notes: collective executor.
  13. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: correlative; Function: introduces alternatives; Translation: whether; Notes: legal inclusivity.
  14. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of status clause; Translation: he; Notes: refers to offender.
  15. civis — Lemma: civis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular common; Function: predicate noun; Translation: citizen; Notes: native Israelite.
  16. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: correlative; Function: balances alternatives; Translation: or; Notes: parallel structure.
  17. peregrinus — Lemma: peregrinus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: alternative predicate; Translation: sojourner; Notes: non-native resident.
  18. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the status clause; Translation: has been; Notes: subjunctive under sive.
  19. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: restates the legal subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: emphatic repetition.
  20. blasphemaverit — Lemma: blasphemo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: repeated offense clause; Translation: has blasphemed; Notes: statutory reinforcement.
  21. nomen — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object; Translation: name; Notes: repetition for clarity.
  22. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifier; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: YHWH reference maintained.
  23. morte — Lemma: mors; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: cognate ablative; Translation: by death; Notes: legal emphasis.
  24. moriatur — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: final jussive; Translation: let him die; Notes: definitive closure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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