Leviticus 26:13

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 26:13 Ego Dominus Deus vester: qui eduxi vos de Terra Ægyptiorum, ne serviretis eis, et qui confregi catenas cervicum vestrarum, ut incederetis erecti.

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from the Land of the Egyptians, so that you would not serve them; and who broke the chains of your necks, so that you might walk upright.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ego I NOM.SG.1.PERS.PRON
2 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
3 Deus God NOM.SG.M.2ND.DECL
4 vester your NOM.SG.M.POSS.ADJ
5 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
6 eduxi brought out 1SG.PERF.IND.ACT
7 vos you ACC.PL.PERS.PRON
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 Terra land ABL.SG.F.1ST.DECL
10 Ægyptiorum of the Egyptians GEN.PL.M.2ND.DECL
11 ne lest CONJ
12 serviretis you should serve 2PL.IMP.SUBJ.ACT
13 eis them DAT.PL.PERS.PRON
14 et and CONJ
15 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
16 confregi broke 1SG.PERF.IND.ACT
17 catenas chains ACC.PL.F.1ST.DECL
18 cervicum of necks GEN.PL.F.3RD.DECL
19 vestrarum your GEN.PL.F.POSS.ADJ
20 ut so that CONJ
21 incederetis you might walk 2PL.IMP.SUBJ.ACT
22 erecti upright NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS

Syntax

Identity Clause: Ego Dominus Deus vester — emphatic self-identification grounding the following relative clauses.
First Relative Clause: qui eduxi vos de Terra Ægyptiorum — perfect indicative recalling the foundational act of deliverance.
Negative Purpose: ne serviretis eis — imperfect subjunctive expressing intended freedom from bondage.
Second Relative Clause: et qui confregi catenas cervicum vestrarum — vivid metaphor for liberation.
Positive Purpose: ut incederetis erecti — subjunctive clause portraying restored dignity and freedom.

Morphology

  1. Ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular first person; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: Emphatic assertion of speaker.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: LORD; Notes: Renders the divine name YHWH.
  3. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: God; Notes: Specifies divine identity.
  4. vester — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Deus; Translation: your; Notes: Covenant possession.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to Dominus.
  6. eduxi — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: brought out; Notes: Technical term for deliverance.
  7. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: you; Notes: The redeemed people.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Marks departure.
  9. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of de; Translation: land; Notes: Geographic domain of bondage.
  10. Ægyptiorum — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the Egyptians; Notes: Specifies the oppressing nation.
  11. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: negative purpose; Translation: lest; Notes: Introduces intended negation.
  12. serviretis — Lemma: servio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: you should serve; Notes: Service as forced bondage.
  13. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links parallel relative clauses.
  15. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Reintroduces the divine subject.
  16. confregi — Lemma: confringo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: broke; Notes: Violent imagery of liberation.
  17. catenas — Lemma: catena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: chains; Notes: Symbol of oppression.
  18. cervicum — Lemma: cervix; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of necks; Notes: Image of subjugation.
  19. vestrarum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cervicum; Translation: your; Notes: Personalizes liberation.
  20. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: positive purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: Introduces intended outcome.
  21. incederetis — Lemma: incedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: you might walk; Notes: Conveys restored freedom of movement.
  22. erecti — Lemma: erigo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: predicate participle; Translation: upright; Notes: Metaphor for dignity and freedom.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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