Leviticus 26:16

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

16 ego quoque hæc faciam vobis: Visitabo vos velociter in egestate, et ardore, qui conficiat oculos vestros, et consumat animas vestras. Frustra seretis sementem, quæ ab hostibus devorabitur.

I in turn will do these things to you: I will visit you swiftly with want and burning heat, which will consume your eyes and waste away your lives. In vain you will sow seed, which will be devoured by enemies.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ego I NOM.SG.1.PERS.PRON
2 quoque also ADV
3 hæc these things ACC.PL.N.DEM.PRON
4 faciam I will do 1SG.FUT.IND.ACT
5 vobis to you DAT.PL.PERS.PRON
6 Visitabo I will visit 1SG.FUT.IND.ACT
7 vos you ACC.PL.PERS.PRON
8 velociter swiftly ADV
9 in with PREP+ABL
10 egestate want ABL.SG.F.3RD.DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 ardore burning heat ABL.SG.M.3RD.DECL
13 qui which NOM.SG.M.REL
14 conficiat may consume 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
15 oculos eyes ACC.PL.M.2ND.DECL
16 vestros your ACC.PL.M.POSS.ADJ
17 et and CONJ
18 consumat may waste away 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
19 animas lives ACC.PL.F.1ST.DECL
20 vestras your ACC.PL.F.POSS.ADJ
21 Frustra in vain ADV
22 seretis you will sow 2PL.FUT.IND.ACT
23 sementem seed ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
24 quæ which NOM.SG.F.REL
25 ab by PREP+ABL
26 hostibus enemies ABL.PL.M.3RD.DECL
27 devorabitur will be devoured 3SG.FUT.IND.PASS

Syntax

Retributive Declaration: ego quoque hæc faciam vobis — emphatic subject with future indicative announcing reciprocal action.
Visitation Clause: Visitabo vos velociter in egestate et ardore — manner adverb with prepositional ablatives specifying the afflictions.
Resulting Effects: qui conficiat oculos vestros et consumat animas vestras — relative clause of consequence using present subjunctives.
Futility Statement: Frustra seretis sementem — adverbial emphasis on vain labor.
Passive Outcome: quæ ab hostibus devorabitur — future passive indicating external destruction.

Morphology

  1. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular first person; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: Emphatic divine self-reference.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifier; Translation: also; Notes: Marks reciprocal response.
  3. hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: these things; Notes: Summarizes announced punishments.
  4. faciam — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: I will do; Notes: Declarative of impending action.
  5. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: Identifies recipients.
  6. Visitabo — Lemma: visito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: I will visit; Notes: Technical term for punitive intervention.
  7. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: you; Notes: Collective addressees.
  8. velociter — Lemma: velociter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner; Translation: swiftly; Notes: Emphasizes suddenness.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: instrument/condition; Translation: with; Notes: Introduces means.
  10. egestate — Lemma: egestas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: want; Notes: Severe lack or poverty.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins afflictions.
  12. ardore — Lemma: ardor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: burning heat; Notes: Fever or consuming heat.
  13. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the combined afflictions.
  14. conficiat — Lemma: conficio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: verb of consequence; Translation: may consume; Notes: Indicates debilitating effect.
  15. oculos — Lemma: oculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: eyes; Notes: Loss of vitality and sight.
  16. vestros — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies oculos; Translation: your; Notes: Personalizes the affliction.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds a further effect.
  18. consumat — Lemma: consumo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: may waste away; Notes: Progressive depletion.
  19. animas — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: lives; Notes: Refers to vitality and life-force.
  20. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies animas; Translation: your; Notes: Intensifies impact.
  21. Frustra — Lemma: frustra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: sentence adverb; Translation: in vain; Notes: Marks futility.
  22. seretis — Lemma: sero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: you will sow; Notes: Agricultural labor rendered useless.
  23. sementem — Lemma: semen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: seed; Notes: Intended yield source.
  24. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of passive clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to sementem.
  25. ab — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: agent; Translation: by; Notes: Introduces the destroyer.
  26. hostibus — Lemma: hostis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine/feminine, third declension; Function: agent; Translation: enemies; Notes: External oppressors.
  27. devorabitur — Lemma: devoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative passive; Function: main verb; Translation: will be devoured; Notes: Total loss of produce.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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