Numeri 1:30 (Numbers 1:30)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:30 De filiis Zabulon per generationes et familias, ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere,

From the sons of Zabulon according to generations and families, and houses of their clans they were registered by the names of each one from the twentieth year and above, all who were able to proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
3 Zabulon Zebulun INDECL
4 per according to PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 ac and also CONJ
9 domos houses ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum clans GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
12 recensiti registered NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
13 sunt they were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 per by PREP+ACC
15 nomina names ACC.PL.N
16 singulorum of each one GEN.PL.M
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 vigesimo twentieth ABL.SG.M
19 anno year ABL.SG.M
20 et and CONJ
21 supra above ADV
22 omnes all NOM.PL.M
23 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
24 poterant were able 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
25 ad to PREP+ACC
26 bella wars ACC.PL.N
27 procedere to proceed PRES.ACT.INF

Syntax

Source Phrase: De filiis Zabulon — identifies the tribal origin of the group being counted.

Organizational Classification: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum — a sequence governed by per indicating distribution according to genealogical divisions, families, and clan households.

Main Clause: recensiti sunt — perfect passive construction meaning “they were registered” or “they were counted.”

Method of Enumeration: per nomina singulorum — indicates that the census was conducted individually by name.

Age Qualification: a vigesimo anno et supra — specifies the eligible age beginning from twenty years and above.

Relative Clause: omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere — defines the men included in the census, namely those capable of going out to war.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces source or origin; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates tribal descent.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to male descendants of the tribe.
  3. Zabulon — Lemma: Zabulon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: identifies the tribal ancestor; Translation: Zabulon; Notes: Latin form of the Hebrew tribal name Zebulun.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: expresses distribution or classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Introduces the genealogical categories.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Indicates lineage divisions.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links items in the list; Translation: and; Notes: Standard connective.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine first declension; Function: additional object of per; Translation: families; Notes: Subdivisions within the tribe.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins closely related terms; Translation: and also; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine fourth declension; Function: further object in the classification; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended households.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Specifies kinship groups.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: agrees with cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possession referring to the tribe.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive verbal phrase with sunt; Translation: registered; Notes: Indicates the completed action of enrollment in the census.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb of the perfect passive; Translation: they were; Notes: Completes the periphrastic passive construction.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: indicates method of enumeration; Translation: by; Notes: Refers to listing by name.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Indicates personal identification.
  16. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies the implied persons counted; Translation: of each one; Notes: Emphasizes individual enumeration.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces the starting age; Translation: from; Notes: Common in age expressions.
  18. vigesimo — Lemma: vicesimus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Specifies the age threshold.
  19. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: year; Notes: Denotes the age requirement.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links the age phrase with supra; Translation: and; Notes: Connects the boundary with continuation upward.
  21. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies the age expression; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates ages beyond the stated limit.
  22. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to the eligible men.
  23. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to omnes.
  24. poterant — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: were able; Notes: Indicates capability or eligibility.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: expresses purpose or direction; Translation: to; Notes: Introduces the infinitive phrase.
  26. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of the preposition ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  27. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with poterant; Translation: to proceed; Notes: Describes going forth to battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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