Numeri 1:32 (Numbers 1:32)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:32 De filiis Ioseph, filiorum Ephraim per generationes, et familias, ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere,

From the sons of Joseph, the sons of Ephraim according to generations, and families, and houses of their clans they were registered by the names of each one from the twentieth year and above, all who were able to proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
3 Ioseph Joseph INDECL
4 filiorum sons GEN.PL.M
5 Ephraim Ephraim INDECL
6 per according to PREP+ACC
7 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
8 et and CONJ
9 familias families ACC.PL.F
10 ac and also CONJ
11 domos houses ACC.PL.F
12 cognationum clans GEN.PL.F
13 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
14 recensiti registered NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
15 sunt they were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
16 per by PREP+ACC
17 nomina names ACC.PL.N
18 singulorum of each one GEN.PL.M
19 a from PREP+ABL
20 vigesimo twentieth ABL.SG.M
21 anno year ABL.SG.M
22 et and CONJ
23 supra above ADV
24 omnes all NOM.PL.M
25 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
26 poterant were able 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
27 ad to PREP+ACC
28 bella wars ACC.PL.N
29 procedere to proceed PRES.ACT.INF

Syntax

Source Phrase: De filiis Ioseph identifies the tribal origin of the group being counted, indicating descent from Yoseph.

Appositional Clarification: filiorum Ephraim further specifies the branch of Yoseph’s descendants, identifying the tribe of Ephraim.

Organizational Classification: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum lists the genealogical categories through which the census is organized: generations, families, and clan households.

Main Clause: recensiti sunt forms the perfect passive verbal phrase meaning “they were registered” or “they were counted.”

Method of Enumeration: per nomina singulorum indicates that the census was conducted individually by name.

Age Qualification: a vigesimo anno et supra specifies the age requirement beginning from the twentieth year and above.

Relative Clause: omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere describes the men included in the census, namely those capable of going out to war.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates tribal descent.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to male descendants.
  3. Ioseph — Lemma: Ioseph; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: identifies the ancestral tribe; Translation: Yoseph; Notes: Biblical Latin form of the Hebrew patriarch’s name.
  4. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine second declension; Function: genitive dependent on Ephraim; Translation: sons; Notes: Expresses lineage within the tribe.
  5. Ephraim — Lemma: Ephraim; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: specifies the tribal branch; Translation: Ephraim; Notes: One of the two tribes descending from Yoseph.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: expresses classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Introduces genealogical divisions.
  7. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Indicates lineage groups.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins terms in the list; Translation: and; Notes: Standard connective.
  9. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine first declension; Function: additional object governed by per; Translation: families; Notes: Smaller kinship units within the tribe.
  10. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: strengthens connection between terms; Translation: and also; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  11. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine fourth declension; Function: object within the classification list; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended family households.
  12. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Specifies kinship divisions.
  13. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: agrees with cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possession referring to the tribal members.
  14. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive verbal phrase with sunt; Translation: registered; Notes: Indicates completion of the census enrollment.
  15. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb forming the perfect passive; Translation: they were; Notes: Standard auxiliary in Latin passive periphrasis.
  16. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: introduces the enumeration method; Translation: by; Notes: Refers to listing individuals by name.
  17. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Indicates identification of individuals.
  18. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies the implied persons enumerated; Translation: of each one; Notes: Emphasizes individual registration.
  19. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces the starting age; Translation: from; Notes: Used in expressions of age.
  20. vigesimo — Lemma: vicesimus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Specifies the age threshold.
  21. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: year; Notes: Denotes the age requirement.
  22. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects the age phrase with the adverb supra; Translation: and; Notes: Marks continuation above the age limit.
  23. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies the age expression; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates ages beyond twenty.
  24. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to all eligible men.
  25. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to the eligible men.
  26. poterant — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: were able; Notes: Indicates capability or qualification.
  27. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: indicates purpose or direction; Translation: to; Notes: Introduces the infinitive phrase.
  28. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  29. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with poterant; Translation: to proceed; Notes: Describes going forth to battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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