Numeri 10:33 (Numbers 10:33)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:33 Profecti sunt ergo de Monte Domini viam trium dierum, arcaque fœderis Domini præcedebat eos, per dies tres providens castrorum locum.

Having set out therefore from the Mountain of the LORD a journey of three days, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them for three days, providing a place of the camps.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Profecti having set out PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.PL.M
2 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 ergo therefore ADV
4 de from PREP+ABL
5 Monte mountain ABL.SG.M
6 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
7 viam journey ACC.SG.F
8 trium of three GEN.PL
9 dierum days GEN.PL.M
10 arcaque and the ark NOM.SG.F+CONJ
11 fœderis of covenant GEN.SG.N
12 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
13 præcedebat went before 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
14 eos them ACC.PL
15 per for PREP+ACC
16 dies days ACC.PL.M
17 tres three ACC.PL.M
18 providens providing PRES.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.F
19 castrorum of camps GEN.PL.N
20 locum place ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause (1): Profecti sunt (verb) + de Monte Domini (prepositional phrase) + viam trium dierum (accusative of extent).

Main Clause (2): arca fœderis Domini (subject) + præcedebat (verb) + eos (object) + per dies tres (temporal phrase).

Participial Phrase: providens castrorum locum — describes the action of the ark.

Morphology

  1. Profecti — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative plural masculine; Function: part of perfect with sunt; Translation: having set out; Notes: Deponent verb expressing completed departure.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: Forms perfect tense.
  3. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: therefore; Notes: Marks logical progression.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates source.
  5. Monte — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: mountain; Notes: Refers to Sinai.
  6. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  7. viam — Lemma: via; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: accusative of extent; Translation: journey; Notes: Duration or distance.
  8. trium — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: genitive plural; Function: modifies dierum; Translation: of three; Notes: Quantity.
  9. dierum — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: days; Notes: Duration measure.
  10. arcaque — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine with enclitic -que; Function: subject; Translation: and the ark; Notes: Connects clause.
  11. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies arca; Translation: of covenant; Notes: Specifies ark.
  12. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  13. præcedebat — Lemma: præcedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: went before; Notes: Continuous past action.
  14. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  15. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces duration; Translation: for; Notes: Time span.
  16. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: days; Notes: Duration.
  17. tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies dies; Translation: three; Notes: Quantity.
  18. providens — Lemma: provideo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active participle nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies arca; Translation: providing; Notes: Describes ongoing action.
  19. castrorum — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of camps; Notes: Specifies what the place is for.
  20. locum — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of providens; Translation: place; Notes: Destination prepared.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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