Numeri 10:28 (Numbers 10:28)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:28 Hæc sunt castra, et profectiones filiorum Israel per turmas suas quando egrediebantur.

These are the camps, and the departures of the sons of Israel by their companies, when they set out.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hæc these NOM.PL.N.DEM
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 castra camps NOM.PL.N
4 et and CONJ
5 profectiones departures NOM.PL.F
6 filiorum of sons GEN.PL.M
7 Israel Israel INDECL
8 per by PREP+ACC
9 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
10 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
11 quando when CONJ
12 egrediebantur they were going out 3PL.IMP.DEP.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: Hæc (subject) + sunt (copulative verb) + castra et profectiones filiorum Israel (predicate nominatives).

Phrase: per turmas suas — prepositional phrase indicating arrangement.

Temporal Clause: quando egrediebantur — indicates time of action.

Morphology

  1. Hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: these; Notes: Refers to previously described groups.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: copulative verb; Translation: are; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  3. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: camps; Notes: Plural-only noun referring to encampments.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects predicates; Translation: and; Notes: Links two concepts.
  5. profectiones — Lemma: profectio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: departures; Notes: Refers to movements or journeys.
  6. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of sons; Notes: Specifies group.
  7. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Israel; Notes: Identifies the people.
  8. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces arrangement; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates grouping.
  9. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Organized divisions.
  10. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive to subject.
  11. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: Marks time.
  12. egrediebantur — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect deponent indicative third person plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: they were going out; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning indicating ongoing past action.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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