Numeri 11:1 (Numbers 11:1)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:1 Interea ortum est murmur populi, quasi dolentium pro labore, contra Dominum. Quod cum audisset Dominus, iratus est. Et accensus in eos ignis Domini devoravit extremam castrorum partem.

Meanwhile there arose a murmuring of the people, as of those grieving for labor, against the LORD. Which when the LORD had heard, He was angered. And kindled against them the fire of the LORD devoured the outermost part of the camps.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Interea meanwhile ADV
2 ortum arisen PERF.PTCP.NOM.SG.N
3 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 murmur murmuring NOM.SG.N
5 populi of people GEN.SG.M
6 quasi as if CONJ
7 dolentium of those grieving GEN.PL.M
8 pro for PREP+ABL
9 labore labor ABL.SG.M
10 contra against PREP+ACC
11 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M
12 Quod which ACC.SG.N.REL
13 cum when CONJ
14 audisset had heard 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
15 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
16 iratus angered PERF.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
17 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
18 Et and CONJ
19 accensus kindled PERF.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
20 in against PREP+ACC
21 eos them ACC.PL
22 ignis fire NOM.SG.M
23 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
24 devoravit devoured 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
25 extremam outermost ACC.SG.F.SUPER
26 castrorum of camps GEN.PL.N
27 partem part ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause (1): murmur populi (subject) + ortum est (verb) + contra Dominum (prepositional phrase).

Modifier: quasi dolentium pro labore — comparative phrase describing the murmuring.

Relative/Temporal Clause: Quod cum audisset Dominus — introduces reaction.

Main Clause (2): Dominus (subject) + iratus est (verb).

Main Clause (3): ignis Domini (subject) + devoravit (verb) + extremam castrorum partem (object).

Modifier: accensus in eos — participial phrase describing the fire.

Morphology

  1. Interea — Lemma: interea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: meanwhile; Notes: Indicates concurrent action.
  2. ortum — Lemma: orior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative singular neuter; Function: part of perfect with est; Translation: arisen; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: Forms perfect tense.
  4. murmur — Lemma: murmur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: murmuring; Notes: Complaint or grumbling.
  5. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of people; Notes: Identifies source.
  6. quasi — Lemma: quasi; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: as if; Notes: Simile.
  7. dolentium — Lemma: doleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active participle genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies implied subject; Translation: of those grieving; Notes: Describes state.
  8. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces cause; Translation: for; Notes: Reason.
  9. labore — Lemma: labor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of pro; Translation: labor; Notes: Hardship.
  10. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces opposition; Translation: against; Notes: Hostility.
  11. Dominum — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  12. Quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of audisset; Translation: which; In this specific sentence, “Quod” translates to “Which” or “When [the LORD] heard this.” ​In Latin, this is a very common construction called a Relative Connection (or Qui at the beginning of a sentence). Instead of starting a new sentence with “And he…” or “After this…”, Latin writers often use a relative pronoun like Quod to link back to whatever was mentioned in the previous sentence. Notes: Refers to murmuring.
  13. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: Time relation.
  14. audisset — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active subjunctive third person singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: had heard; Notes: Subjunctive after cum.
  15. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  16. iratus — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative singular masculine; Function: part of perfect; Translation: angered; Notes: Deponent form.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: Forms perfect tense.
  18. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: and; Notes: Continues narrative.
  19. accensus — Lemma: accendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle passive nominative singular masculine; Function: modifier; Translation: kindled; Notes: Describes fire.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces direction; Translation: against; Notes: Hostility direction.
  21. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  22. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: fire; Notes: Divine fire.
  23. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  24. devoravit — Lemma: devoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: devoured; Notes: Completed action.
  25. extremam — Lemma: extremus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine superlative; Function: modifies partem; Translation: outermost; Notes: Indicates edge.
  26. castrorum — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of camps; Notes: Specifies group.
  27. partem — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of devoravit; Translation: part; Notes: Portion affected.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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