Numeri 10:34 (Numbers 10:34)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:34 Nubes quoque Domini super eos erat per diem cum incederent.

The cloud also of the LORD over them was by day when they were going.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Nubes cloud NOM.SG.F
2 quoque also ADV
3 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
4 super over PREP+ACC
5 eos them ACC.PL
6 erat was 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
7 per by PREP+ACC
8 diem day ACC.SG.M
9 cum when CONJ
10 incederent they were going 3PL.IMP.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Main Clause: Nubes Domini (subject) + erat (verb) + super eos (prepositional phrase) + per diem (temporal phrase).

Modifier: quoque — adverb adding emphasis.

Temporal Clause: cum incederent — indicates time during which the action occurred.

Morphology

  1. Nubes — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: cloud; Notes: Refers to the divine guiding cloud.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifier; Translation: also; Notes: Adds emphasis or inclusion.
  3. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  4. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces position; Translation: over; Notes: Indicates position above.
  5. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of super; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  6. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: was; Notes: Continuous past state.
  7. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces duration; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates time span.
  8. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: day; Notes: Time expression.
  9. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: Time relation.
  10. incederent — Lemma: incedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active subjunctive third person plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: they were going; Notes: Subjunctive after cum indicating ongoing past action.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.