Numeri 18:13 (Numbers 18:13)

Posted on May 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 18:13 Universa frugum initia, quas gignit humus, et Domino deportantur, cedent in usus tuos: qui mundus est in domo tua, vescetur eis.

All the first produce of the crops which the earth brings forth and are carried to the LORD shall pass into your use. Whoever is clean in your house shall eat of them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Universa all NOM.PL.N
2 frugum of crops GEN.PL.F
3 initia first produce NOM.PL.N
4 quas which ACC.PL.F.REL
5 gignit brings forth 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
6 humus earth NOM.SG.F
7 et and CONJ
8 Domino to LORD DAT.SG.M
9 deportantur are carried 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
10 cedent shall pass 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 in into PREP+ACC
12 usus use ACC.PL.M
13 tuos your ACC.PL.M.POSS
14 qui whoever NOM.SG.M.REL
15 mundus clean NOM.SG.M
16 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 domo house ABL.SG.F
19 tua your ABL.SG.F.POSS
20 vescetur shall eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
21 eis of them ABL.PL

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Universa … initia (subject) + cedent (verb)
Prepositional Phrase: in usus tuos — destination or benefit

Relative Clause: quas gignit humus et Domino deportantur
→ humus (subject) + gignit (verb)
→ quas (direct object)
→ deportantur (coordinated passive verb)
→ Domino (dative of recipient)

Relative Clause 2: qui mundus est in domo tua
→ qui (subject) + mundus est (predicate construction)
→ in domo tua (location)

Main Clause 2: vescetur (verb)
Object: eis — ablative governed by deponent verb

Morphology

  1. Universa — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: modifies initia; Translation: all; Notes: expresses completeness.
  2. frugum — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine, third declension; Function: modifies initia; Translation: of crops; Notes: agricultural produce.
  3. initia — Lemma: initium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: first produce; Notes: earliest portion of harvest.
  4. quas — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object in relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: grammatically attracted to frugum.
  5. gignit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: brings forth; Notes: production from the earth.
  6. humus — Lemma: humus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: earth; Notes: fertile ground or soil.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins verbs; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  9. deportantur — Lemma: deporto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive indicative, third person plural; Function: coordinated verb; Translation: are carried; Notes: movement of offerings to sacred place.
  10. cedent — Lemma: cedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: shall pass; Notes: transfer into possession or use.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces destination; Translation: into; Notes: movement toward use or benefit.
  12. usus — Lemma: usus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: use; Notes: benefit or practical enjoyment.
  13. tuos — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies usus; Translation: your; Notes: possession relation.
  14. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: generalizing reference.
  15. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: clean; Notes: ritual purity.
  16. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: is; Notes: links subject and predicate.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: spatial relation.
  18. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: house; Notes: household setting.
  19. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies domo; Translation: your; Notes: possessive relation.
  20. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: future indicative, third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: shall eat; Notes: deponent verb governing ablative.
  21. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object governed by vescetur; Translation: of them; Notes: refers to the produce offerings.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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