Exodus 16:9

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:9 Dixit quoque Moyses ad Aaron: Dic universæ congregationi filiorum Israel: Accedite coram Domino: audivit enim murmur vestrum.

And Moses also said to Aaron: “Say to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel: ‘Draw near before the LORD, for he has heard your murmuring.’”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 quoque also ADV
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
6 Dic say 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
7 universæ to the whole DAT.SG.F
8 congregationi congregation DAT.SG.F
9 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
10 Israel Israel GEN.SG.M (INVAR)
11 Accedite draw near 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
12 coram before PREP+ABL
13 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
14 audivit he has heard 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
15 enim for CONJ
16 murmur murmuring ACC.SG.N
17 vestrum your ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause: Moyses — subject; Dixit — verb; ad Aaron — indirect object.
Command Clause: Dic — imperative verb; universæ congregationi filiorum Israel — indirect object of command.
Quoted Command: Accedite — imperative verb; coram Domino — prepositional phrase indicating presence before the LORD.
Causal Clause: audivit enim murmur vestrum — expresses reason; audivit — verb; murmur vestrum — object.

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “said”; Notes: introduces direct speech.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds emphasis (“also”); Translation: “also”; Notes: postpositive.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: biblical proper name.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: “to”; Notes: direction toward the person addressed.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: proper name, indeclinable.
  6. Dic — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative, 2nd singular; Function: main command; Translation: “say”; Notes: direct instruction.
  7. universæ — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: modifies congregationi; Translation: “to the whole”; Notes: totality.
  8. congregationi — Lemma: congregatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the congregation”; Notes: refers to assembled people.
  9. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies Israel; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: possessive genitive.
  10. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, invariable; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: INVAR proper name.
  11. Accedite — Lemma: accedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative, 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “draw near”; Notes: summons before the LORD.
  12. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates presence before; Translation: “before”; Notes: expresses standing in divine presence.
  13. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  14. audivit — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: “he has heard”; Notes: completed past action.
  15. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: explanation; Translation: “for”; Notes: never first in clause.
  16. murmur — Lemma: murmur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “murmuring”; Notes: complaint of the people.
  17. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies murmur; Translation: “your”; Notes: agrees with murmur.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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