Exodus 16:8

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:8 Et ait Moyses: Dabit vobis Dominus vespere carnes edere, et mane panes in saturitate: eo quod audierit murmurationes vestras quibus murmurati estis contra eum, nos enim quid sumus? nec contra nos est murmur vestrum, sed contra Dominum.

And Moyses said: “The LORD will give you meat to eat in the evening, and in the morning bread in fullness, because he has heard your murmurings with which you murmured against him, for what are we? your murmuring is not against us, but against the LORD.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 Dabit he will give 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 vobis to you DAT.PL
6 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
7 vespere in the evening ABL.SG.N
8 carnes meat ACC.PL.F
9 edere to eat INF.ACT
10 et and CONJ
11 mane in the morning ABL.SG.N
12 panes breads ACC.PL.M
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 saturitate fullness ABL.SG.F
15 eo because ABL.SG.N
16 quod that CONJ
17 audierit he has heard 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
18 murmurationes murmurings ACC.PL.F
19 vestras your ACC.PL.F
20 quibus with which ABL.PL.F (REL)
21 murmurati you have murmured PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.M
22 estis you are 2PL.PRES.ACT.IND
23 contra against PREP+ACC
24 eum him ACC.SG.M
25 nos we NOM.PL
26 enim for CONJ
27 quid what NOM/ACC.SG.N (INDECL)
28 sumus we are 1PL.PRES.ACT.IND
29 nec nor CONJ
30 contra against PREP+ACC
31 nos us ACC.PL
32 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
33 murmur murmuring NOM.SG.N
34 vestrum your NOM.SG.N
35 sed but CONJ
36 contra against PREP+ACC
37 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Direct Speech Introduction: Moyses — subject; ait — main verb.
Promise Clause: Dominus — subject; Dabit — verb; vobis — indirect object; carnes edere — complementary infinitive phrase; vespere — ablative of time.
Second Promise: panes — object; mane — ablative of time; in saturitate — ablative of manner.
Causal Clause: eo quod introduces reason; audierit — verb; murmurationes vestras — object.
Relative Clause: quibus refers to murmurationes; murmurati estis — perfect periphrastic.
Contrastive Clause: nos enim quid sumus? — rhetorical question.
Negative Clause: nec negates; contra nos est murmur vestrum — full copular clause.
Adversative Clause: sed contra Dominum — true object of murmuring.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links statements; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins narrative units.
  2. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: introduces direct speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: common speech verb.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: proper biblical name.
  4. Dabit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he will give”; Notes: expresses divine provision.
  5. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: refers to the people of Israel.
  6. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  7. vespere — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “in the evening”; Notes: indicates time of provision.
  8. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “meat”; Notes: refers to quail in narrative context.
  9. edere — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: infinitive active; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: “to eat”; Notes: expresses purpose.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive.
  11. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun (indeclinable); Form: ablative singular; Function: time when; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: contrasts with vesper.
  12. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object; Translation: “bread”; Notes: refers to manna.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: forms phrase of manner; Translation: “in”; Notes: standard prepositional usage.
  14. saturitate — Lemma: saturitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: “fullness”; Notes: expresses abundance.
  15. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: forms causal expression; Translation: “because”; Notes: idiomatic with quod.
  16. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: causal.
  17. audierit — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: “he has heard”; Notes: emphasizes completed action.
  18. murmurationes — Lemma: murmuratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “murmurings”; Notes: expresses complaints.
  19. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies murmurationes; Translation: “your”; Notes: agrees in gender/number.
  20. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun (relative); Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: “with which”; Notes: ablative of means.
  21. murmurati — Lemma: murmuro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle passive, nominative plural masculine; Function: with estis forms perfect periphrastic; Translation: “murmured”; Notes: describes completed action.
  22. estis — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 2nd plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “you are”; Notes: completes periphrasis.
  23. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: repeated element.
  24. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers to the LORD.
  25. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural; Function: subject; Translation: “we”; Notes: rhetorical humility.
  26. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: explanatory; Translation: “for”; Notes: adds explanation.
  27. quid — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate; Translation: “what”; Notes: rhetorical.
  28. sumus — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 1st plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “we are”; Notes: identity statement.
  29. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: negative connective; Function: negates clause; Translation: “nor”; Notes: strong negation.
  30. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: repeated.
  31. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of contra; Translation: “us”; Notes: contrasts with the LORD.
  32. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links subject and predicate.
  33. murmur — Lemma: murmur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “murmuring”; Notes: complaint.
  34. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: modifies murmur; Translation: “your”; Notes: agrees with murmur.
  35. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: adversative; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: strong adversative.
  36. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: final repetition.
  37. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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