Exodus 16:10

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:10 Cumque loqueretur Aaron ad omnem cœtum filiorum Israel, respexerunt ad solitudinem: et ecce gloria Domini apparuit in nube.

And when Aaron was speaking to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel, they looked toward the wilderness, and behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 loqueretur he was speaking 3SG.IMP.SUBJ.DEP
3 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 omnem the whole ACC.SG.M
6 cœtum assembly ACC.SG.M
7 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
8 Israel Israel GEN.SG.M (INVAR)
9 respexerunt they looked 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
10 ad toward PREP+ACC
11 solitudinem wilderness ACC.SG.F
12 et and CONJ
13 ecce behold INTJ
14 gloria glory NOM.SG.F
15 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
16 apparuit appeared 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 nube cloud ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque loqueretur Aaron — Cumque introduces a temporal clause; loqueretur is the imperfect subjunctive (dependent narration); Aaron is subject; ad omnem cœtum filiorum Israel indicates those addressed.
Main Clause: respexerunt is main verb; ad solitudinem shows direction of looking.
Demonstrative Exclamation: ecce introduces a fresh visual event.
Final Clause: gloria Domini — subject phrase; apparuit — verb; in nube — locative phrase.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: cum with enclitic –que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “and when”; Notes: –que links to preceding narrative.
  2. loqueretur — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: imperfect subjunctive, 3rd singular; Function: verb in temporal clause; Translation: “he was speaking”; Notes: deponent form with active meaning.
  3. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: indeclinable biblical name.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: “to”; Notes: directional preposition.
  5. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies cœtum; Translation: “the whole”; Notes: totality emphasis.
  6. cœtum — Lemma: cœtus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “assembly”; Notes: refers to Israel gathered.
  7. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies Israel; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: possessive genitive.
  8. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, invariable; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: INVAR proper name.
  9. respexerunt — Lemma: respicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “they looked”; Notes: indicates sudden attention.
  10. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “toward”; Notes: repeated preposition.
  11. solitudinem — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: geographical reference.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: basic connective.
  13. ecce — Lemma: ecce; Part of Speech: interjection; Form: indeclinable; Function: draws attention; Translation: “behold”; Notes: introduces dramatic event.
  14. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “glory”; Notes: divine manifestation.
  15. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  16. apparuit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “appeared”; Notes: divine epiphany.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: “in”; Notes: standard locative expression.
  18. nube — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “cloud”; Notes: typical theophanic medium.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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