Exodus 9:30

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:30 novi autem quod et tu, et servi tui necdum timeatis Dominum Deum.

but I know that both you and your servants do not yet fear the LORD God.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 novi I know 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 autem however ADV.CONJ
3 quod that CONJ
4 et both CONJ
5 tu you NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 servi servants NOM.PL.M
8 tui your GEN.SG.M
9 necdum not yet ADV
10 timeatis you fear 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
11 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M
12 Deum God ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause:
Subject: (understood “I”)
Verb: novi — “I know.”
Connector: autem — adversative nuance, “however.”

Object Clause (introduced by quod):
tu + servi tui — compound subject.
timeatis — subjunctive verb required by subordinate clause.
necdum — negates the fear: “do not yet fear.”
Dominum Deum — compound direct object.

Morphology

  1. novi — Lemma: nosco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “I know”; Notes: perfect of nosco often functions with present meaning.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction; Form: adversative connector; Function: links clause with contrast; Translation: “however”; Notes: postpositive.
  3. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces object clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: governs subjunctive clause.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links subjects; Translation: “both”; Notes: balances tu and servi tui.
  5. tu — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: first subject of subordinate clause; Translation: “you”; Notes: emphatic by position.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: adds second subject; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive.
  7. servi — Lemma: servus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject with tu of timeatis; Translation: “servants”; Notes: plural subject coordinated with pronoun.
  8. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of servi; Translation: “your”; Notes: expresses belonging to Pharaoh.
  9. necdum — Lemma: necdum; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of negated time; Function: negates temporal aspect of verb; Translation: “not yet”; Notes: stronger than non alone.
  10. timeatis — Lemma: timeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person plural present active subjunctive; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: “you fear”; Notes: subjunctive required after quod in Vulgate idiom.
  11. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of timeatis; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: context refers to YHWH.
  12. Deum — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: in apposition to Dominum; Translation: “God”; Notes: appositional emphasis of divine authority.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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