Genesis 27:25

Posted on January 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 27:25 At ille: Affer mihi, inquit, cibos de venatione tua, fili mi, ut benedicat tibi anima mea. Quos cum oblatos comedisset, obtulit ei etiam vinum. quo hausto,

But he said: “Bring me the food from your hunting, my son, that my soul may bless you.” When he had eaten what was offered, he also presented wine to him, which when he had drunk,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 At but CONJ
2 ille he NOM.SG.M.DEM.PRON
3 Affer bring 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
4 mihi to me DAT.SG.1ST.PRON
5 inquit he said 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
6 cibos foods ACC.PL.M
7 de from / of PREP+ABL
8 venatione hunting ABL.SG.F
9 tua your ABL.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
10 fili son VOC.SG.M
11 mi my VOC.SG.M.POSS.ADJ
12 ut that / in order that CONJ
13 benedicat may bless 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
14 tibi to you DAT.SG.2ND.PRON
15 anima soul NOM.SG.F
16 mea my NOM.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
17 Quos which / those (things) ACC.PL.M.REL.PRON
18 cum when CONJ
19 oblatos offered ACC.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
20 comedisset he had eaten 3SG.PLUPERF.ACT.SUBJ
21 obtulit he offered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
22 ei to him DAT.SG.M.3RD.PRON
23 etiam also ADV
24 vinum wine ACC.SG.N
25 quo which (wine) ABL.SG.N.REL.PRON
26 hausto having been drunk ABL.SG.N.PERF.PASS.PTCP (ABL.ABS)

Syntax

Main Clause 1: At ille: Affer mihi… inquit — “But he said: Bring me…” The adversative at introduces Isaac’s directive contrasting the previous statement. Affer mihi cibos forms a command, the dative mihi indicating recipient.
Purpose Clause: ut benedicat tibi anima mea — “that my soul may bless you.” The subjunctive benedicat expresses purpose; anima mea serves as subject.
Temporal Clause: Quos cum oblatos comedisset — “When he had eaten what was offered.” The pluperfect subjunctive comedisset expresses action completed prior to the next main event.
Main Clause 2: obtulit ei etiam vinum — “he also offered him wine.” ei is indirect object; vinum is direct object.
Ablative Absolute: quo hausto — “when it had been drunk.” Expresses subsequent circumstance, concluding the sequence before the blessing itself.

Morphology

  1. At — Lemma: at; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariant; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: Marks transition from question to command.
  2. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “he”; Notes: Refers to Isaac as speaker.
  3. Affer — Lemma: affero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present imperative active 2nd person singular; Function: main command; Translation: “bring”; Notes: Imperative of direct address to Jacob.
  4. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates recipient of the action “bring.”
  5. inquit — Lemma: inquam; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active 3rd person singular; Function: parenthetical verb of speaking; Translation: “he said”; Notes: Formulaic insertion within direct speech.
  6. cibos — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “foods”; Notes: Refers to the prepared meal of game meat.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: denotes source or origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source of the food—Jacob’s supposed hunt.
  8. venatione — Lemma: venatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “hunting”; Notes: Refers to the hunt’s yield.
  9. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies “venatione”; Translation: “your”; Notes: Denotes possession of the hunt.
  10. fili — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: vocative singular masculine; Function: direct address; Translation: “son”; Notes: Used in tender paternal speech.
  11. mi — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: vocative singular masculine; Function: modifies “fili”; Translation: “my”; Notes: Reinforces intimacy of address.
  12. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: expresses intent; Translation: “that / in order that”; Notes: Governs the subjunctive verb “benedicat.”
  13. benedicat — Lemma: benedico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive active 3rd person singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may bless”; Notes: Expresses Isaac’s desired outcome.
  14. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular 2nd person; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Recipient of the blessing.
  15. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of “benedicat”; Translation: “soul”; Notes: Represents the inner self as agent of blessing.
  16. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies “anima”; Translation: “my”; Notes: Possessive of subject.
  17. Quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of “comedisset”; Translation: “which (things)”; Notes: Refers to the foods brought to Isaac.
  18. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces temporal clause; Function: expresses time; Translation: “when”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause with subjunctive.
  19. oblatos — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine perfect passive; Function: object complement with “Quos”; Translation: “offered”; Notes: Refers to prepared food placed before Isaac.
  20. comedisset — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect subjunctive active 3rd person singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “he had eaten”; Notes: Marks an action completed before the next clause.
  21. obtulit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect indicative active 3rd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he offered”; Notes: Describes presentation of wine following the meal.
  22. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to Isaac as recipient.
  23. etiam — Lemma: etiam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariant; Function: adds emphasis; Translation: “also”; Notes: Extends the offering beyond food to wine.
  24. vinum — Lemma: vinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of “obtulit”; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Complementary offering completing the meal.
  25. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of “hausto”; Translation: “which (wine)”; Notes: Connects to “vinum.”
  26. hausto — Lemma: haurio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular neuter perfect passive; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: “having been drunk”; Notes: Marks the action completed before Isaac’s blessing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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