Leviticus 19:33

Posted on April 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 19:33 Si habitaverit advena in terra vestra, et moratus fuerit inter vos, non exprobretis ei:

If a sojourner has lived in your land, and has stayed among you, you shall not reproach him;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 habitaverit has lived 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
3 advena sojourner NOM.SG.M 1ST DECL NOUN
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 terra land ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL NOUN
6 vestra your ABL.SG.F POSS.ADJ
7 et and CONJ
8 moratus having stayed NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.DEP
9 fuerit has been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
10 inter among PREP+ACC
11 vos you ACC.PL PERS.PRON
12 non not ADV
13 exprobretis you reproach 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
14 ei to him DAT.SG.M PERS.PRON

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: Si habitaverit advena in terra vestra (future perfect subjunctive setting a condition; locative phrase)

Additional Condition: et moratus fuerit inter vos (periphrastic future perfect subjunctive with deponent participle; prepositional complement)

Apodosis (Command): non exprobretis ei (negative jussive subjunctive; dative of the person affected)

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces the protasis; Translation: if; Notes: opens a case-law scenario.
  2. habitaverit — Lemma: habito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the protasis; Translation: has lived; Notes: portrays completed residence as the condition.
  3. advena — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular first declension; Function: subject of habitaverit; Translation: sojourner; Notes: outsider living among the community.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: in; Notes: locative use.
  5. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular first declension; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: the inhabited territory.
  6. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies terra; Translation: your; Notes: marks communal possession.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links conditions; Translation: and; Notes: additive coordination.
  8. moratus — Lemma: moror; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: nominative masculine singular perfect; Function: with fuerit forms a periphrasis; Translation: having stayed; Notes: indicates settled presence rather than passing through.
  9. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary completing the periphrasis; Translation: has been; Notes: common in case-law conditions.
  10. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses position among persons; Translation: among; Notes: marks social inclusion.
  11. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of inter; Translation: you; Notes: refers to the community addressed.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negation; Function: negates the command; Translation: not; Notes: introduces the prohibition.
  13. exprobretis — Lemma: exprobro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present subjunctive active; Function: jussive prohibition in the apodosis; Translation: you reproach; Notes: forbids insulting or shaming treatment.
  14. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: dative of the person affected; Translation: to him; Notes: refers back to the advena.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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