Leviticus 23:10

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:10 Loquere filiis Israel, et dices ad eos: Cum ingressi fueritis terram, quam ego dabo vobis, et messueritis segetem, feretis manipulos spicarum, primitias messis vestræ ad sacerdotem:

“Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: ‘When you have entered the land which I will give you, and you reap its harvest, you shall bring a sheaf of ears, the firstfruits of your harvest, to the priest;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 filiis sons DAT.PL.M
3 Israel Israel GEN.SG.INDECL
4 et and CONJ
5 dices you shall say 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 ad to PREP+ACC
7 eos them ACC.PL.M.PERS
8 Cum when CONJ
9 ingressi having entered NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.DEP
10 fueritis you shall have been 2PL.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
11 terram land ACC.SG.F
12 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL
13 ego I NOM.SG.PERS
14 dabo I will give 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 vobis to you DAT.PL.PERS
16 et and CONJ
17 messueritis you reap 2PL.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
18 segetem harvest ACC.SG.F
19 feretis you shall bring 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
20 manipulos sheaf ACC.PL.M
21 spicarum of ears GEN.PL.F
22 primitias firstfruits ACC.PL.F
23 messis of harvest GEN.SG.F
24 vestræ your GEN.SG.F.POSS
25 ad to PREP+ACC
26 sacerdotem priest ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Commission Formula: Loquere filiis Israel et dices ad eos — imperative followed by a future of instruction establishing authoritative proclamation.
Temporal-Conditional Clause: Cum ingressi fueritis terram … et messueritis segetem — cum-clause with future perfect verbs indicating actions completed prior to the required offering.
Mandated Offering: feretis manipulos spicarum primitias messis vestræ ad sacerdotem — legislative future prescribing the presentation of firstfruits to the priest.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Deponent verb; Form: second person singular present imperative; Function: command; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Standard imperative introducing divine instruction.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Collective designation of the covenant people.
  3. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: Identifies the people addressed.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links parallel commands.
  5. dices — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: directive future; Translation: “you shall say”; Notes: Authoritative transmission of divine words.
  6. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the audience.
  7. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers back to the sons of Israel.
  8. Cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal; Translation: “when”; Notes: Introduces a future-oriented temporal condition.
  9. ingressi — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: Deponent verb (participle); Form: nominative masculine plural perfect participle; Function: modifies the subject of the clause; Translation: “having entered”; Notes: Indicates completed entry.
  10. fueritis — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future perfect indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: “you shall have been”; Notes: Forms the future perfect with a participle.
  11. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “land”; Notes: The promised territory.
  12. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of dabo; Translation: “which”; Notes: Links the land to the divine promise.
  13. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic divine self-reference.
  14. dabo — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: first person singular future active indicative; Function: verb of promise; Translation: “I will give”; Notes: Expresses certain divine grant.
  15. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Recipients of the gift.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins actions within the temporal clause.
  17. messueritis — Lemma: meto; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future perfect active indicative; Function: temporal predicate; Translation: “you reap”; Notes: Harvest presupposed as completed.
  18. segetem — Lemma: seges; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “harvest”; Notes: Cultivated grain crop.
  19. feretis — Lemma: fero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: principal command; Translation: “you shall bring”; Notes: Mandated ritual action.
  20. manipulos — Lemma: manipulus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “sheaf”; Notes: Bundled stalks representing the harvest.
  21. spicarum — Lemma: spica; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of ears”; Notes: Specifies grain heads.
  22. primitias — Lemma: primitiæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: appositional object; Translation: “firstfruits”; Notes: Consecrated initial yield.
  23. messis — Lemma: messis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of harvest”; Notes: Identifies the source.
  24. vestræ — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies messis; Translation: “your”; Notes: Harvest belonging to Israel.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Marks the ritual destination.
  26. sacerdotem — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “priest”; Notes: Authorized cultic mediator.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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