Leviticus 23:9

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:9 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and having spoken NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.DEP+CONJ
2 est is/has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Narrative Introduction: Locutusque est Dominus — perfect deponent participle with auxiliary verb forming a standard divine speech formula.
Addressee Phrase: ad Moysen — prepositional phrase indicating the recipient of the revelation.
Speech Marker: dicens — present participle introducing the content of direct discourse.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Deponent verb (participle) with enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative masculine singular perfect participle; Function: verbal predicate component; Translation: “and having spoken”; Notes: The enclitic -que links this speech act to the preceding narrative.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: “has”; Notes: Combines with a perfect participle to form a completed past action.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the divine speaker.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: directional relation; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the recipient of the speech.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Covenant mediator receiving divine instruction.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: nominative masculine singular present active participle; Function: discourse introducer; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Signals that direct speech immediately follows.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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