Leviticus 26:32

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 26:32 Disperdamque terram vestram, et stupebunt super ea inimici vestri, cum habitatores illius fuerint.

And I will lay waste your land, and your enemies will be astonished over it, when they shall have been its inhabitants.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Disperdamque and I will lay waste 1SG.FUT.IND.ACT
2 terram land ACC.SG.F.1ST.DECL
3 vestram your ACC.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
4 et and CONJ
5 stupebunt they will be astonished 3PL.FUT.IND.ACT
6 super over PREP+ABL
7 ea it ABL.SG.F.DEM.PRON
8 inimici enemies NOM.PL.M.2ND.DECL
9 vestri your NOM.PL.M.POSS.ADJ
10 cum when CONJ
11 habitatores inhabitants NOM.PL.M.3RD.DECL
12 illius of it GEN.SG.F.DEM.PRON
13 fuerint they shall have been 3PL.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Primary Judgment: Disperdamque terram vestram — future indicative with enclitic coordination, announcing deliberate devastation of the land.
Reaction Clause: et stupebunt super ea inimici vestri — future indicative describing the astonishment of hostile observers at the desolation.
Temporal Clause: cum habitatores illius fuerint — temporal cum with future perfect subjunctive, situating the astonishment at the point when the enemies have become its inhabitants.

Morphology

  1. Disperdamque — Lemma: disperdo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future indicative active with enclitic conjunction; Function: main verb; Translation: and I will lay waste; Notes: Enclitic -que tightly links this act to the preceding judgments.
  2. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: land; Notes: Refers to the cultivated and inhabited territory.
  3. vestram — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies terram; Translation: your; Notes: Stresses loss of what was entrusted to them.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces the resulting reaction.
  5. stupebunt — Lemma: stupeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: they will be astonished; Notes: Expresses shock at the unexpected desolation.
  6. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: reference/concern; Translation: over; Notes: Indicates the object provoking astonishment.
  7. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: Refers back to the devastated land.
  8. inimici — Lemma: inimicus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: enemies; Notes: Former aggressors who become witnesses.
  9. vestri — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies inimici; Translation: your; Notes: Identifies whose enemies are in view.
  10. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: temporal conjunction; Translation: when; Notes: Introduces a time-setting clause.
  11. habitatores — Lemma: habitator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, third declension; Function: subject of the temporal clause; Translation: inhabitants; Notes: Ironically describes the enemies as settlers.
  12. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of it; Notes: Refers to the same land now laid waste.
  13. fuerint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the temporal cum-clause; Translation: they shall have been; Notes: Marks the point at which astonishment occurs after settlement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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