Leviticus 27:16

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:16 Quod si agrum possessionis suæ voverit, et consecraverit Domino: iuxta mensuram sementis æstimabitur pretium. si triginta modiis hordei seritur terra, quinquaginta siclis venundetur argenti.

But if he will have vowed the field of his possession, and will have consecrated it to the LORD, the price will be valued according to the measure of seed; if the land is sown with thirty measures of barley, it shall be sold for fifty shekels of silver.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 agrum field NOUN.ACC.SG.M
4 possessionis of possession NOUN.GEN.SG.F
5 suæ his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.F
6 voverit will have vowed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
7 et and CONJ
8 consecraverit will have consecrated 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
9 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
10 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
11 mensuram measure NOUN.ACC.SG.F
12 sementis of seed NOUN.GEN.SG.F
13 æstimabitur will be valued 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
14 pretium price NOUN.NOM.SG.N
15 si if CONJ
16 triginta thirty ADJ.INDECL
17 modiis measures NOUN.ABL.PL.M
18 hordei of barley NOUN.GEN.SG.N
19 seritur is sown 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
20 terra land NOUN.NOM.SG.F
21 quinquaginta fifty ADJ.INDECL
22 siclis shekels NOUN.ABL.PL.M
23 venundetur shall be sold 3SG.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
24 argenti of silver NOUN.GEN.SG.N

Syntax

Conditional Clause 1 (Protasis): Quod introduces a new provision; si + voverit (verb) + object phrase agrum possessionis suæ, coordinated with et consecraverit + dative Domino.

Main Clause: pretium (subject) + æstimabitur (future passive); prepositional phrase iuxta mensuram sementis sets the valuation standard.

Conditional Clause 2: si + terra (subject) + seritur (verb); ablative of measure triginta modiis with genitive hordei.

Main Result: venundetur (present subjunctive used in jussive/legal sense) + ablative of price quinquaginta siclis with genitive argenti indicating material.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative connector; Translation: but; Notes: transitions to a new legal case.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: marks contingency.
  3. agrum — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine second declension; Function: direct object of voverit; Translation: field; Notes: denotes cultivated land.
  4. possessionis — Lemma: possessio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine third declension; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of possession; Notes: indicates inherited or owned property.
  5. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies possessionis; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive referring to the subject.
  6. voverit — Lemma: vovere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: will have vowed; Notes: legal tense marking completed vow.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins verbs; Translation: and; Notes: connects vow and consecration.
  8. consecraverit — Lemma: consecrare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: second verb of protasis; Translation: will have consecrated; Notes: expresses dedication to sacred use.
  9. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as recipient.
  10. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces valuation standard; Translation: according to; Notes: expresses conformity to measure.
  11. mensuram — Lemma: mensura; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: measure; Notes: refers to quantity of seed required.
  12. sementis — Lemma: sementis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine third declension; Function: genitive dependent on mensuram; Translation: of seed; Notes: indicates agricultural yield basis.
  13. æstimabitur — Lemma: æstimare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: will be valued; Notes: passive focuses on price determination.
  14. pretium — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of æstimabitur; Translation: price; Notes: assessed monetary value.
  15. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces secondary condition; Translation: if; Notes: applies valuation example.
  16. triginta — Lemma: triginta; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies modiis; Translation: thirty; Notes: cardinal number.
  17. modiis — Lemma: modius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: ablative of measure; Translation: measures; Notes: indicates quantity of grain seed.
  18. hordei — Lemma: hordeum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter second declension; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of barley; Notes: specifies crop type.
  19. seritur — Lemma: serere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative; Function: verb of clause; Translation: is sown; Notes: passive emphasizes land under cultivation.
  20. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine first declension; Function: subject of seritur; Translation: land; Notes: refers to the vowed field.
  21. quinquaginta — Lemma: quinquaginta; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies siclis; Translation: fifty; Notes: cardinal number.
  22. siclis — Lemma: siclus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: ablative of price; Translation: shekels; Notes: indicates monetary unit.
  23. venundetur — Lemma: venundare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive subjunctive; Function: jussive/legal statement; Translation: shall be sold; Notes: subjunctive expresses prescribed rule.
  24. argenti — Lemma: argentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter second declension; Function: genitive of material; Translation: of silver; Notes: specifies metal of currency.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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