Leviticus 27:20

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:20 Sin autem noluerit redimere, sed alteri cuilibet fuerit venundatus, ultra eum qui voverat redimere non poterit:

But if he will not have wished to redeem it, but it will have been sold to any other, beyond him who had vowed it he will not be able to redeem;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however CONJ
3 noluerit will not have wished 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
4 redimere to redeem PRES.ACT.INF
5 sed but CONJ
6 alteri to another PRON.INDEF.DAT.SG.M
7 cuilibet to any PRON.INDEF.DAT.SG.M
8 fuerit will have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
9 venundatus sold PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
10 ultra beyond PREP+ACC
11 eum him PRON.DEM.ACC.SG.M
12 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
13 voverat had vowed 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
14 redimere to redeem PRES.ACT.INF
15 non not ADV
16 poterit will be able 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Introduction: Sin with autem introduces a contrasting case.

Protasis (First Condition): noluerit (future perfect subjunctive) + infinitive redimere — if he will not have wished to redeem.

Contrasting Clause: sed introduces alternative outcome; dative phrase alteri cuilibet (indirect object) with compound passive fuerit venundatus — if it will have been sold to another.

Main Result Clause: non poterit (future indicative) governs infinitive redimere; prepositional phrase ultra eum limits action beyond the person identified by relative clause qui voverat.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative conditional; Translation: but if; Notes: marks a contrasting procedural case.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds contrast; Translation: however; Notes: emphasizes shift in scenario.
  3. noluerit — Lemma: nolle; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: will not have wished; Notes: expresses completed refusal prior to consequence.
  4. redimere — Lemma: redimere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive third conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to redeem; Notes: denotes reclaiming vowed property.
  5. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative result; Translation: but; Notes: contrasts refusal with sale to another.
  6. alteri — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object with venundatus; Translation: to another; Notes: indicates a different person.
  7. cuilibet — Lemma: quilibet; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: reinforces alteri; Translation: to any; Notes: emphasizes unrestricted other party.
  8. fuerit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in compound passive; Translation: will have been; Notes: part of legal future-perfect construction.
  9. venundatus — Lemma: venundare; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine; Function: complements fuerit; Translation: sold; Notes: indicates completed sale before redemption attempt.
  10. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses limit; Translation: beyond; Notes: sets legal boundary.
  11. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ultra; Translation: him; Notes: refers to the original vower.
  12. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: identifies the person tied to the vow.
  13. voverat — Lemma: vovere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: had vowed; Notes: situates vow prior to sale.
  14. redimere — Lemma: redimere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with poterit; Translation: to redeem; Notes: expresses prohibited action.
  15. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates poterit; Translation: not; Notes: creates categorical prohibition.
  16. poterit — Lemma: posse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: will be able; Notes: states legal impossibility.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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