Leviticus 3:1

Posted on April 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 3:1 Quod si hostia pacificorum fuerit eius oblatio, et de bobus voluerit offerre, marem sive feminam, immaculata offeret coram Domino.

But if his offering is a sacrifice of peace offerings, and he wishes to offer from the cattle, a male or a female, he shall offer it without blemish before the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 hostia offering NOUN, NOM.SG.F, 1ST DECL
4 pacificorum of peace offerings ADJ, GEN.PL.M/N, POS
5 fuerit shall be VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
6 eius his PRON, GEN.SG.M/N, POSS
7 oblatio offering NOUN, NOM.SG.F, 3RD DECL
8 et and CONJ
9 de from PREP+ABL
10 bobus cattle NOUN, ABL.PL.M, 2ND DECL (irreg.)
11 voluerit he should wish VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
12 offrre to offer VERB, PRES.ACT.INF
13 marem a male NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
14 sive or CONJ
15 feminam a female NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 1ST DECL
16 immaculata without blemish ADJ, NOM.SG.F, POS
17 offeret he shall offer VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
18 coram before PREP+ABL
19 Domino the LORD NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Quod si hostia pacificorum fuerit eius oblatio — presents the case when the type of offering is a peace offering.
Volitional Clause: et de bobus voluerit offerre — introduces the worshiper’s desire to select from cattle.
Direct Objects: marem sive feminam — identifies acceptable sexes for the peace offering.
Main Predicate: immaculata offeret — requires that the animal be offered without blemish.
Locative Phrase: coram Domino — specifies the offering must be made before the LORD.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: but if; Notes: strengthens the conditional nuance.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces protasis; Translation: if; Notes: standard conditional particle.
  3. hostia — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: offering; Notes: refers to sacrificial victim.
  4. pacificorum — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine/neuter; Function: modifies hostia; Translation: of peace offerings; Notes: specifies sacrificial category.
  5. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of condition; Translation: shall be; Notes: legal-conditional usage.
  6. eius — Lemma: eius; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine/neuter; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: his; Notes: refers to the offerer.
  7. oblatio — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: complement of fuerit; Translation: offering; Notes: names the sacrificial act.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: coordinating connective.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: denotes selection from cattle.
  10. bobus — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: cattle; Notes: irregular declension.
  11. voluerit — Lemma: volo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: expresses desire; Translation: he should wish; Notes: legal volition formula.
  12. offrre — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement of voluerit; Translation: to offer; Notes: expresses purpose of desire.
  13. marem — Lemma: mas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: male; Notes: describes acceptable animals.
  14. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: offers alternative; Translation: or; Notes: presents inclusive options.
  15. feminam — Lemma: femina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: alternative direct object; Translation: female; Notes: denotes acceptable sacrificial sex.
  16. immaculata — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective modifying hostia; Translation: without blemish; Notes: expresses ritual requirement.
  17. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall offer; Notes: normative ritual command.
  18. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks presence before deity; Translation: before; Notes: ceremonial context marker.
  19. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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