Numeri 14:10 (Numbers 14:10)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:10 Cumque clamaret omnis multitudo, et lapidibus eos vellet opprimere, apparuit gloria Domini super tectum fœderis cunctis filiis Israel.

And when all the multitude was crying out and wanted to crush them with stones, the glory of the LORD appeared over the covering of the covenant to all the sons of Israel.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 clamaret was shouting 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
3 omnis all NOM.SG.F.ADJ
4 multitudo multitude NOM.SG.F.NOUN
5 et and CONJ
6 lapidibus with stones ABL.PL.M.NOUN
7 eos them ACC.PL.M.PERS.PRON
8 vellet wanted 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
9 opprimere to crush PRES.ACT.INF
10 apparuit appeared 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 gloria glory NOM.SG.F.NOUN
12 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M.NOUN
13 super over PREP+ACC
14 tectum covering ACC.SG.N.NOUN
15 fœderis of the covenant GEN.SG.N.NOUN
16 cunctis to all DAT.PL.M.ADJ
17 filiis sons DAT.PL.M.NOUN
18 Israel Israel GEN.SG.INDECL.PROPN

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque clamaret omnis multitudo — multitudo is the subject; clamaret is the verb in subjunctive indicating circumstantial time.

Coordinated Clause (within Cum-Clause): et lapidibus eos vellet opprimere — multitudo continues as subject; vellet governs infinitive opprimere; eos is the object.

Main Clause: apparuit gloria Domini — gloria is the subject; apparuit is the verb.

Prepositional Phrase: super tectum fœderis indicates location above the covering of the covenant.

Dative Phrase: cunctis filiis Israel expresses those to whom the appearance is manifested.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + -que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction with enclitic; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Combines temporal sense with narrative linkage.
  2. clamaret — Lemma: clamo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: was shouting; Notes: Subjunctive used after cum in narrative context.
  3. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies multitudo; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  4. multitudo — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: multitude; Notes: Collective subject.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links actions.
  6. lapidibus — Lemma: lapis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with stones; Notes: Indicates instrument of intended action.
  7. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Iosue and Caleb.
  8. vellet — Lemma: volo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb governing infinitive; Translation: wanted; Notes: Expresses intention within subordinate clause.
  9. opprimere — Lemma: opprimo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to crush; Notes: Completes the sense of vellet.
  10. apparuit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: appeared; Notes: Marks sudden divine intervention.
  11. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: glory; Notes: Refers to divine manifestation.
  12. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Indicates possession or source.
  13. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: introduces spatial relation; Translation: over; Notes: Indicates position above.
  14. tectum — Lemma: tectum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: covering; Notes: Refers to the tabernacle covering.
  15. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies tectum; Translation: of the covenant; Notes: Specifies sacred context.
  16. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: to all; Notes: Emphasizes universality.
  17. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: sons; Notes: Indicates recipients.
  18. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: Israel; Notes: Identifies the people.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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