Numeri 14:36 (Numbers 14:36)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:36 Igitur omnes viri, quos miserat Moyses ad contemplandam Terram, et qui reversi murmurare fecerant contra eum omnem multitudinem, detrahentes Terræ quod esset mala,

Therefore all the men, whom Moyses had sent to explore the Land, and who having returned had caused all the multitude to murmur against him, speaking against the Land that it was bad,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Igitur therefore ADV
2 omnes all NOM.PL.M
3 viri men NOM.PL.M
4 quos whom REL.ACC.PL.M
5 miserat had sent 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
6 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 contemplandam to be explored GERUNDV.ACC.SG.F
9 Terram the Land ACC.SG.F
10 et and CONJ
11 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
12 reversi having returned PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PERF.DEP
13 murmurare to murmur INF.PRES.ACT
14 fecerant had caused 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
15 contra against PREP+ACC
16 eum him ACC.SG.3P.PERS
17 omnem all ACC.SG.F
18 multitudinem multitude ACC.SG.F
19 detrahentes speaking against PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PRES.ACT
20 Terræ the Land DAT.SG.F
21 quod that CONJ
22 esset it was 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
23 mala bad ADJ.NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Main Subject: omnes viri serves as the main subject of the sentence.

Relative Clause 1: quos miserat Moyses ad contemplandam Terram modifies viri, with Moyses as subject and miserat as the verb, and ad contemplandam Terram expressing purpose.

Relative Clause 2: qui reversi murmurare fecerant contra eum omnem multitudinem further describes the same men, with fecerant as the main verb and murmurare as complementary infinitive.

Participial Phrase: detrahentes Terræ modifies viri, describing ongoing action of speaking against the Land.

Content Clause: quod esset mala expresses what was said about the Land.

Morphology

  1. Igitur — Lemma: igitur; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connective; Translation: therefore; Notes: Introduces conclusion or result.
  2. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Modifies viri; Translation: all; Notes: Refers collectively to the group.
  3. viri — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine plural, second declension; Function: Subject; Translation: men; Notes: Refers to adult males sent as scouts.
  4. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Accusative masculine plural; Function: Object of miserat; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers back to viri.
  5. miserat — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person singular pluperfect active indicative, third conjugation; Function: Verb of relative clause; Translation: had sent; Notes: Indicates prior completed action.
  6. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular; Function: Subject of miserat; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Leader who commissioned the action.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing accusative; Function: Introduces purpose; Translation: to; Notes: Used with gerundive.
  8. contemplandam — Lemma: contemplor; Part of Speech: Gerundive; Form: Accusative feminine singular; Function: Modifies Terram in purpose phrase; Translation: to be explored; Notes: Gerundive expresses intended action.
  9. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, first declension; Function: Object of ad; Translation: the Land; Notes: Object of exploration.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Joins relative clauses.
  11. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Subject of second relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to viri.
  12. reversi — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: Verb participle; Form: Perfect deponent participle nominative masculine plural; Function: Modifies subject; Translation: having returned; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  13. murmurare — Lemma: murmuro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present active infinitive; Function: Complementary infinitive; Translation: to murmur; Notes: Expresses action caused by fecerant.
  14. fecerant — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural pluperfect active indicative; Function: Main verb of clause; Translation: had caused; Notes: Indicates completed causative action.
  15. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing accusative; Function: Introduces object; Translation: against; Notes: Indicates opposition.
  16. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: Accusative singular third person; Function: Object of contra; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to Moyses.
  17. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative feminine singular; Function: Modifies multitudinem; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes entirety.
  18. multitudinem — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: Direct object of fecerant; Translation: multitude; Notes: Collective noun.
  19. detrahentes — Lemma: detraho; Part of Speech: Verb participle; Form: Present active participle nominative masculine plural; Function: Modifies subject; Translation: speaking against; Notes: Indicates slander or negative report.
  20. Terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative feminine singular, first declension; Function: Indirect object of detrahentes; Translation: the Land; Notes: Dative used with verbs of speaking against.
  21. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Introduces content clause; Translation: that; Notes: Used in indirect discourse.
  22. esset — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: Verb of content clause; Translation: it was; Notes: Subjunctive used in indirect statement.
  23. mala — Lemma: malus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative feminine singular; Function: Predicate adjective; Translation: bad; Notes: Describes Terram.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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