Numeri 14:40 (Numbers 14:40)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:40 Et ecce mane primo surgentes ascenderunt verticem montis, atque dixerunt: Parati sumus ascendere ad locum, de quo Dominus locutus est: quia peccavimus.

And behold, rising early in the morning, they went up to the top of the mountain, and they said: “We are ready to go up to the place, about which the LORD has spoken, because we have sinned.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ecce behold INTJ
3 mane in the morning ADV
4 primo early ADV
5 surgentes rising PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PRES.ACT
6 ascenderunt they went up 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
7 verticem top ACC.SG.M
8 montis of the mountain GEN.SG.M
9 atque and also CONJ
10 dixerunt they said 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
11 Parati ready NOM.PL.M
12 sumus we are 1PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 ascendere to go up INF.PRES.ACT
14 ad to PREP+ACC
15 locum place ACC.SG.M
16 de about PREP+ABL
17 quo which REL.ABL.SG.M
18 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
19 locutus having spoken PTCP.NOM.SG.M.PERF.DEP
20 est he is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
21 quia because CONJ
22 peccavimus we have sinned 1PL.PERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Et ecce surgentes ascenderunt with surgentes as a participial modifier of the implied subject, and ascenderunt as the main verb.

Object Phrase: verticem montis is the direct object of ascenderunt.

Main Clause 2: atque dixerunt introduces direct speech.

Predicate Clause: Parati sumus ascendere expresses readiness, with ascendere as complementary infinitive.

Prepositional Phrase: ad locum indicates destination.

Relative Clause: de quo Dominus locutus est modifies locum.

Causal Clause: quia peccavimus explains the reason for the statement.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces new action.
  2. ecce — Lemma: ecce; Part of Speech: Interjection; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Draws attention; Translation: behold; Notes: Emphasizes immediacy.
  3. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Temporal modifier; Translation: in the morning; Notes: Indicates time of action.
  4. primo — Lemma: primum; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies mane; Translation: early; Notes: Specifies earliest part of morning.
  5. surgentes — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: Verb participle; Form: Present active participle nominative masculine plural; Function: Modifies subject; Translation: rising; Notes: Indicates concurrent action.
  6. ascenderunt — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural perfect active indicative, third conjugation; Function: Main verb; Translation: they went up; Notes: Completed action of ascent.
  7. verticem — Lemma: vertex; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative masculine singular, third declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: top; Notes: Refers to summit.
  8. montis — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive masculine singular, third declension; Function: Modifies verticem; Translation: of the mountain; Notes: Specifies location.
  9. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and also; Notes: Strengthens connection.
  10. dixerunt — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: Main verb introducing speech; Translation: they said; Notes: Marks transition to direct speech.
  11. Parati — Lemma: paratus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: ready; Notes: Describes subject state.
  12. sumus — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: First person plural present active indicative; Function: Linking verb; Translation: we are; Notes: Forms predicate construction.
  13. ascendere — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present active infinitive; Function: Complementary infinitive; Translation: to go up; Notes: Expresses intended action.
  14. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing accusative; Function: Introduces destination; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates movement toward.
  15. locum — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative masculine singular, second declension; Function: Object of ad; Translation: place; Notes: Refers to specific destination.
  16. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing ablative; Function: Introduces reference; Translation: about; Notes: Indicates relation.
  17. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Ablative masculine singular; Function: Object of de; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to locum.
  18. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular; Function: Subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  19. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb participle; Form: Perfect deponent participle nominative masculine singular; Function: Part of periphrastic perfect; Translation: having spoken; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person singular present active indicative; Function: Auxiliary; Translation: he is; Notes: Forms perfect tense.
  21. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Introduces cause; Translation: because; Notes: Explains reason.
  22. peccavimus — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: First person plural perfect active indicative, first conjugation; Function: Verb; Translation: we have sinned; Notes: Completed confession of wrongdoing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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