Numeri 19:19 (Numbers 19:19)

Posted on May 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 19:19 atque hoc modo mundus lustrabit immundum tertio et septimo die. expiatusque die septimo, lavabit et se et vestimenta sua, et immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

and in this way the clean person shall purify the unclean on the third and seventh day. And after being purified on the seventh day, he shall wash both himself and his garments, and he shall remain unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 atque and CONJ
2 hoc this ABL.SG.N.DEM
3 modo way ABL.SG.M
4 mundus clean person NOM.SG.M.ADJ
5 lustrabit shall purify 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 immundum unclean person ACC.SG.M.ADJ
7 tertio third ABL.SG.M.ADJ
8 et and CONJ
9 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M.ADJ
10 die day ABL.SG.M
11 expiatusque and after being purified NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP+CONJ
12 die day ABL.SG.M
13 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M.ADJ
14 lavabit he shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 et both CONJ
16 se himself ACC.SG.REFL
17 et and CONJ
18 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
19 sua his ACC.PL.N.POSS
20 et and CONJ
21 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M.ADJ
22 erit he shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
23 usque until ADV
24 ad to PREP+ACC
25 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Manner Phrase: hoc modo explains the prescribed manner in which purification is to occur.

Main Clause: mundus lustrabit immundum establishes the ritual action performed by the clean individual upon the unclean person.

Temporal Expression: tertio et septimo die specifies the appointed days for purification.

Participial Construction: expiatusque die septimo describes the state of the person after ritual purification on the seventh day.

Coordinated Main Clause: lavabit et se et vestimenta sua commands washing of both the body and garments.

Final Clause: et immundus erit usque ad vesperum declares the temporary continuation of ritual impurity until evening.

Morphology

  1. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces continuation of the ritual instructions; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects this verse closely with the preceding purification procedure.
  2. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies modo; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the prescribed ritual method.
  3. modo — Lemma: modus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, second declension; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: “way”; Notes: Indicates the proper ritual procedure.
  4. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantivally; Form: nominative singular masculine positive degree; Function: subject of lustrabit; Translation: “clean person”; Notes: Refers to the ritually pure individual performing the purification.
  5. lustrabit — Lemma: lustro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: principal verb of the sentence; Translation: “shall purify”; Notes: Refers to ceremonial purification through sprinkling.
  6. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantivally; Form: accusative singular masculine positive degree; Function: direct object of lustrabit; Translation: “unclean person”; Notes: Refers to the individual contaminated by corpse impurity.
  7. tertio — Lemma: tertius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine positive degree; Function: modifies die; Translation: “third”; Notes: Marks the first required purification day.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates the purification days; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links the two appointed ritual times.
  9. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine positive degree; Function: modifies die; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Refers to the final purification day.
  10. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fifth declension; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: “day”; Notes: Specifies the appointed times for the ritual.
  11. expiatusque — Lemma: expio + -que; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: participial modifier describing completed purification; Translation: “and after being purified”; Notes: Indicates the state achieved after the seventh-day rite.
  12. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fifth declension; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: “day”; Notes: Specifies the timing of the completed purification.
  13. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine positive degree; Function: modifies die; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Refers to the concluding day of purification.
  14. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: principal verb of the coordinated clause; Translation: “he shall wash”; Notes: Indicates ritual cleansing by washing.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: functions correlatively with the following et; Translation: “both”; Notes: Emphasizes inclusion of both body and garments.
  16. se — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of lavabit; Translation: “himself”; Notes: Refers reflexively to the purified individual.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins the second direct object; Translation: “and”; Notes: Completes the correlative construction.
  18. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: second direct object of lavabit; Translation: “garments”; Notes: Refers to clothing requiring purification.
  19. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter positive degree; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: “his”; Notes: Reflexively refers back to the subject.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces the concluding result clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects washing with the remaining temporary impurity.
  21. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive degree; Function: predicate adjective linked with erit; Translation: “unclean”; Notes: Indicates continuing ritual impurity until evening.
  22. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: “he shall be”; Notes: States the continuing temporary condition.
  23. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks temporal extent; Translation: “until”; Notes: Defines the duration of the impurity.
  24. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative case; Function: introduces the temporal endpoint; Translation: “to”; Notes: Used temporally with vesperum.
  25. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of the preposition ad; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Evening marks the conclusion of the temporary impurity period.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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