Numeri 26:38 (Numbers 26:38)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:38 Isti sunt filii Ioseph per familias suas. Filii Beniamin in cognationibus suis: Bela, a quo familia Belaitarum: Asbel, a quo familia Asbelitarum: Ahiram, a quo familia Ahiramitarum:

These are the sons of Joseph according to their families. The sons of Beniamin according to their clans: Bela, from whom came the family of the Belaites; Asbel, from whom came the family of the Asbelites; Ahiram, from whom came the family of the Ahiramites.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Isti these NOM.PL.M.DEM
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 filii sons NOM.PL.M
4 Ioseph Joseph INDECL.NOUN
5 per according to PREP+ACC
6 familias families ACC.PL.F
7 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
8 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
9 Beniamin Benjamin INDECL.NOUN
10 in according to PREP+ABL
11 cognationibus clans ABL.PL.F
12 suis their ABL.PL.F.POSS
13 Bela Bela INDECL.NOUN
14 a from PREP+ABL
15 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
16 familia family NOM.SG.F
17 Belaitarum of the Belaites GEN.PL.M
18 Asbel Ashbel INDECL.NOUN
19 a from PREP+ABL
20 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
21 familia family NOM.SG.F
22 Asbelitarum of the Ashbelites GEN.PL.M
23 Ahiram Ahiram INDECL.NOUN
24 a from PREP+ABL
25 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
26 familia family NOM.SG.F
27 Ahiramitarum of the Ahiramites GEN.PL.M

Syntax

Summary Clause: Isti sunt filii Ioseph per familias suas concludes the census listing of the descendants of Joseph.

Subject: Isti filii functions as the subject of sunt.

Prepositional Phrase: per familias suas indicates organization according to family divisions.

Genealogical Heading: Filii Beniamin in cognationibus suis introduces the clan divisions of the tribe of Benjamin.

Genealogical Entry: Bela, a quo familia Belaitarum identifies Bela as the ancestor of the Belaite clan.

Genealogical Entry: Asbel, a quo familia Asbelitarum identifies Asbel as the ancestor of the Asbelite clan.

Genealogical Entry: Ahiram, a quo familia Ahiramitarum identifies Ahiram as the ancestor of the Ahiramite clan.

Morphology

  1. Isti — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: “these”; Notes: points to the descendants just listed.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: “are”; Notes: links the subject with its identification.
  3. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: “sons”; Notes: refers to the descendants of Joseph.
  4. Ioseph — Lemma: Ioseph; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying filii; Translation: “Joseph”; Notes: patriarch whose descendants formed the tribes of Manasse and Ephraim.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces classification phrase; Translation: “according to”; Notes: indicates arrangement by family groups.
  6. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 1st declension; Function: object of per; Translation: “families”; Notes: refers to family divisions.
  7. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies familias; Translation: “their”; Notes: refers to the descendants of Joseph.
  8. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: genealogical heading; Translation: “sons”; Notes: introduces the descendants of Beniamin.
  9. Beniamin — Lemma: Beniamin; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying Filii; Translation: “Beniamin”; Notes: youngest son of Jacob and ancestor of the tribe.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces classification phrase; Translation: “according to”; Notes: indicates organization by clans.
  11. cognationibus — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: “clans”; Notes: refers to clan divisions within the tribe.
  12. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationibus; Translation: “their”; Notes: refers to the descendants of Beniamin.
  13. Bela — Lemma: Bela; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: ancestral founder; Translation: “Bela”; Notes: progenitor of a Benjaminite clan.
  14. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ancestry relationship; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks clan descent.
  15. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Bela.
  16. familia — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of implied genealogical statement; Translation: “family”; Notes: designates a clan division.
  17. Belaitarum — Lemma: Belaita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying familia; Translation: “of the Belaites”; Notes: clan name derived from Bela.
  18. Asbel — Lemma: Asbel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: ancestral founder; Translation: “Asbel”; Notes: progenitor of a Benjaminite clan.
  19. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ancestry relationship; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks clan descent.
  20. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Asbel.
  21. familia — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of implied genealogical statement; Translation: “family”; Notes: denotes a clan division.
  22. Asbelitarum — Lemma: Asbelita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying familia; Translation: “of the Asbelites”; Notes: clan name derived from Asbel.
  23. Ahiram — Lemma: Ahiram; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: ancestral founder; Translation: “Ahiram”; Notes: progenitor of a Benjaminite clan.
  24. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ancestry relationship; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks clan descent.
  25. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Ahiram.
  26. familia — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of implied genealogical statement; Translation: “family”; Notes: denotes a clan division.
  27. Ahiramitarum — Lemma: Ahiramita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying familia; Translation: “of the Ahiramites”; Notes: clan name derived from Ahiram.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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