Numeri 28:10 (Numbers 28:10)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:10 quæ rite funduntur per singula sabbata in holocaustum sempiternum.

which are properly poured out on each Sabbath in addition to the perpetual burnt offering.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quæ which REL.NOM.PL.N
2 rite properly ADV
3 funduntur are poured out 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
4 per on each PREP+ACC
5 singula each ACC.PL.N
6 sabbata Sabbaths ACC.PL.N
7 in in addition to PREP+ACC
8 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N
9 sempiternum perpetual ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Relative Clause: quæ rite funduntur — refers back to the liba (drink offerings) of the previous verse and describes their proper ritual presentation.

Adverbial Modifier: rite modifies funduntur, emphasizing that the libations must be performed according to the prescribed ritual.

Temporal Phrase: per singula sabbata — specifies that these libations accompany every Sabbath observance.

Prepositional Phrase: in holocaustum sempiternum — indicates that the Sabbath offerings are presented alongside and in connection with the perpetual burnt offering rather than replacing it.

Liturgical Significance: The verse clarifies that the Sabbath libations are added to the regular daily sacrificial system and are to be observed every Sabbath according to the prescribed ritual order.

Morphology

  1. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun; Form: Nominative Plural Neuter; Function: Subject of funduntur; Translation: “which”; Notes: Refers back to the drink offerings mentioned in the preceding verse.
  2. rite — Lemma: rite; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies funduntur; Translation: “properly”; Notes: Indicates conformity to prescribed ritual practice.
  3. funduntur — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present Passive Indicative 3rd Person Plural; Function: Main verb of the relative clause; Translation: “are poured out”; Notes: Refers to the pouring of sacrificial libations.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces a distributive temporal phrase; Translation: “on each”; Notes: Expresses regular repetition.
  5. singula — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Plural Neuter; Function: Modifies sabbata; Translation: “each”; Notes: Emphasizes individual recurrence.
  6. sabbata — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Neuter; Function: Object of per; Translation: “Sabbaths”; Notes: Refers to the recurring weekly Sabbath days.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces relation or addition; Translation: “in addition to”; Notes: Here indicates association with an existing sacrifice.
  8. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Neuter; Function: Object of in; Translation: “burnt offering”; Notes: Refers to the regular whole burnt offering.
  9. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Singular Neuter; Function: Modifies holocaustum; Translation: “perpetual”; Notes: Emphasizes the continual and ongoing nature of the daily sacrifice.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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