Numeri 28:12 (Numbers 28:12)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:12 et tres decimas similæ oleo conspersæ in sacrificio per singulos vitulos: et duas decimas similæ oleo conspersæ per singulos arietes:

And three tenths of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for each bull, and two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil for each ram;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 tres three ACC.PL.F
3 decimas tenths ACC.PL.F
4 similæ of fine flour GEN.SG.F
5 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N
6 conspersæ mixed GEN.SG.F
7 in as PREP+ABL
8 sacrificio grain offering ABL.SG.N
9 per for each PREP+ACC
10 singulos each ACC.PL.M
11 vitulos bulls ACC.PL.M
12 et and CONJ
13 duas two ACC.PL.F
14 decimas tenths ACC.PL.F
15 similæ of fine flour GEN.SG.F
16 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N
17 conspersæ mixed GEN.SG.F
18 per for each PREP+ACC
19 singulos each ACC.PL.M
20 arietes rams ACC.PL.M

Syntax

First Offering Phrase: tres decimas similæ oleo conspersæ in sacrificio — specifies the grain offering accompanying each bull.

Distributive Phrase: per singulos vitulos — indicates that the stated measure applies individually to each bull.

Second Offering Phrase: duas decimas similæ oleo conspersæ — specifies a different grain offering quantity accompanying each ram.

Second Distributive Phrase: per singulos arietes — indicates that the measure applies individually to each ram.

Ritual Proportion: The verse establishes differing grain-offering quantities according to the size and value of the sacrificial animal, with bulls receiving a larger accompanying offering than rams.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects sacrificial regulations; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the list of prescribed offerings.
  2. tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Modifies decimas; Translation: “three”; Notes: Specifies the number of tenths required.
  3. decimas — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: Numeral Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Main measured quantity; Translation: “tenths”; Notes: Refers to tenths of an ephah.
  4. similæ — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Feminine; Function: Genitive of material; Translation: “of fine flour”; Notes: Specifies the substance being measured.
  5. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Neuter; Function: Ablative of means; Translation: “with oil”; Notes: Indicates the ingredient mixed with the flour.
  6. conspersæ — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Perfect Passive Participle Genitive Singular Feminine; Function: Modifies similæ; Translation: “mixed”; Notes: Describes the preparation of the grain offering.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the ablative; Function: Introduces designation; Translation: “as”; Notes: Indicates sacrificial purpose.
  8. sacrificio — Lemma: sacrificium; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Neuter; Function: Object of in; Translation: “grain offering”; Notes: Refers to the accompanying cereal offering.
  9. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces distribution; Translation: “for each”; Notes: Indicates individual application.
  10. singulos — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Plural Masculine; Function: Modifies vitulos; Translation: “each”; Notes: Emphasizes one-by-one distribution.
  11. vitulos — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Masculine; Function: Object of per; Translation: “bulls”; Notes: Refers to the sacrificial young bulls.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects parallel offering regulations; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces the requirement for rams.
  13. duas — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Modifies decimas; Translation: “two”; Notes: Specifies the quantity required.
  14. decimas — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: Numeral Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Main measured quantity; Translation: “tenths”; Notes: Refers to tenths of an ephah.
  15. similæ — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Feminine; Function: Genitive of material; Translation: “of fine flour”; Notes: Specifies the substance offered.
  16. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative Singular Neuter; Function: Ablative of means; Translation: “with oil”; Notes: Indicates the mixing ingredient.
  17. conspersæ — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Perfect Passive Participle Genitive Singular Feminine; Function: Modifies similæ; Translation: “mixed”; Notes: Describes the flour as blended with oil.
  18. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Indeclinable preposition governing the accusative; Function: Introduces distribution; Translation: “for each”; Notes: Indicates individual allocation.
  19. singulos — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Plural Masculine; Function: Modifies arietes; Translation: “each”; Notes: Emphasizes separate application.
  20. arietes — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Masculine; Function: Object of per; Translation: “rams”; Notes: Refers to the sacrificial rams accompanying the monthly offering.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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