Numeri 3:22 (Numbers 3:22)

Posted on April 30, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 3:22 quarum numeratus est populus sexus masculini ab uno mense et supra, septem millia quingenti.

of whom the counted population of the male sex from one month and above, seven thousand five hundred.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quarum of whom REL.GEN.PL.F
2 numeratus counted NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
3 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 populus people NOM.SG.M
5 sexus of sex GEN.SG.M
6 masculini male GEN.SG.M
7 ab from PREP+ABL
8 uno one ABL.SG.M
9 mense month ABL.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 supra above ADV
12 septem seven INDECL.NUM
13 millia thousands ACC.PL.N
14 quingenti five hundred NOM.PL.M

Syntax

Main Clause: populus (subject) + numeratus est (passive verbal predicate).

Genitive Phrase: sexus masculini — specifies the kind of population, “of male sex.”

Relative Clause Link: quarum — connects back to previously mentioned families, indicating possession or relation.

Prepositional Phrase: ab uno mense — expresses age starting point.

Adverbial Modifier: supra — extends the range “and above.”

Numerical Expression: septem millia quingenti — gives the total count.

Morphology

  1. quarum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: refers to the preceding families; Translation: of whom; Notes: Establishes a possessive or descriptive relation with the families previously named.
  2. numeratus — Lemma: numero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: part of the passive verb phrase; Translation: counted; Notes: Agrees with populus and forms a perfect passive construction with est.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: is; Notes: Combines with numeratus to form a present perfect passive sense in Latin usage.
  4. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: subject of the clause; Translation: people; Notes: Refers collectively to the counted members of the group.
  5. sexus — Lemma: sexus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, fourth declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of sex; Notes: Specifies classification, further defined by masculini.
  6. masculini — Lemma: masculinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies sexus; Translation: male; Notes: Clarifies the gender category of those counted.
  7. ab — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces a point of origin in time; Translation: from; Notes: Used here temporally to indicate starting age.
  8. uno — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies mense; Translation: one; Notes: Specifies the starting age unit.
  9. mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, third declension; Function: object of ab; Translation: month; Notes: Expresses the temporal baseline for counting.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links temporal expressions; Translation: and; Notes: Connects mense with supra.
  11. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable adverb; Function: modifies the age phrase; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates inclusion of all older individuals beyond the stated age.
  12. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: modifies millia; Translation: seven; Notes: Forms part of a compound number.
  13. millia — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: numeral noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of implied counting; Translation: thousands; Notes: Used with plural numerals to indicate large quantities.
  14. quingenti — Lemma: quingenti; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: completes the number; Translation: five hundred; Notes: Adds to the total, yielding seven thousand five hundred.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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