Numeri 5:13 (Numbers 5:13)

Posted on May 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 5:13 dormierit cum altero viro, et hoc maritus deprehendere non quiverit, sed latet adulterium, et testibus argui non potest, quia non est inventa in stupro:

shall have slept with another man, and the husband shall not have been able to discover this, but the adultery is hidden, and it cannot be proven by witnesses, because she was not found in the act of immorality;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 dormierit shall have slept 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
2 cum with PREP+ABL
3 altero another ABL.SG.M
4 viro man ABL.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 hoc this ACC.SG.N
7 maritus husband NOM.SG.M
8 deprehendere to discover PRES.ACT.INF
9 non not ADV
10 quiverit shall have been able 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
11 sed but CONJ
12 latet is hidden 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 adulterium adultery NOM.SG.N
14 et and CONJ
15 testibus by witnesses ABL.PL.M
16 argui to be proven PRES.PASS.INF
17 non not ADV
18 potest it is able 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
19 quia because CONJ
20 non not ADV
21 est has been 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
22 inventa found PTCP.PERF.NOM.SG.F
23 in in PREP+ABL
24 stupro immorality ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Subordinate Clause: dormierit cum altero viro continues the conditional scenario, with dormierit as the verb and cum altero viro as a prepositional phrase of accompaniment.

Main Clause: maritus … non quiverit expresses inability, with maritus as subject and deprehendere hoc as the infinitive phrase dependent on quiverit.

Contrast Clause: sed latet adulterium presents contrast, with adulterium as subject and latet as verb.

Clause: et testibus argui non potest expresses inability of proof, with argui as passive infinitive dependent on potest.

Causal Clause: quia non est inventa in stupro gives the reason, with inventa est forming a perfect passive construction.

Morphology

  1. dormierit — Lemma: dormio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative, 4th conjugation; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: shall have slept; Notes: indicates completed action in legal scenario.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes the ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: denotes association with another person.
  3. altero — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies viro; Translation: another; Notes: implies a different man than the husband.
  4. viro — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: object of cum; Translation: man; Notes: refers to the other male involved.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continues narrative.
  6. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of deprehendere; Translation: this; Notes: refers to the act of infidelity.
  7. maritus — Lemma: maritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: subject; Translation: husband; Notes: central figure in the legal case.
  8. deprehendere — Lemma: deprehendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive, 3rd conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive with quiverit; Translation: to discover; Notes: denotes catching or detecting wrongdoing.
  9. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates quiverit; Translation: not; Notes: standard negation.
  10. quiverit — Lemma: queo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb governing infinitive; Translation: shall have been able; Notes: expresses inability to detect.
  11. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: contrasts with previous clause.
  12. latet — Lemma: lateo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative, 2nd conjugation; Function: verb of clause; Translation: is hidden; Notes: expresses concealment.
  13. adulterium — Lemma: adulterium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: subject of latet; Translation: adultery; Notes: central offense.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continues explanation.
  15. testibus — Lemma: testis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine/feminine, 3rd declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: by witnesses; Notes: refers to legal testimony.
  16. argui — Lemma: arguo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive, 3rd conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to be proven; Notes: legal proof context.
  17. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates potest; Translation: not; Notes: denies possibility.
  18. potest — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: it is able; Notes: expresses possibility.
  19. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: explains reason.
  20. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates est; Translation: not; Notes: standard negation.
  21. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has been; Notes: forms perfect passive with participle.
  22. inventa — Lemma: invenio; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine, 4th conjugation; Function: predicate participle; Translation: found; Notes: agrees with implied feminine subject.
  23. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes the ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: in; Notes: indicates circumstance.
  24. stupro — Lemma: stuprum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: immorality; Notes: denotes illicit sexual act.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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