Numeri 7:89 (Numbers 7:89)

Posted on May 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 7:89 Cumque ingrederetur Moyses tabernaculum fœderis, ut consuleret oraculum, audiebat vocem loquentis ad se de propitiatorio quod erat super arcam testimonii inter duos Cherubim, unde et loquebatur ei.

And when Moyses was entering the tabernacle of the covenant, to consult the oracle, he was hearing the voice of one speaking to him from the propitiatory which was upon the ark of the testimony between the two Cherubim, from where He was speaking to him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 ingrederetur was entering 3SG.IMPF.DEP.SUBJ
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 tabernaculum tabernacle ACC.SG.N
5 fœderis of covenant GEN.SG.N
6 ut to CONJ
7 consuleret consult 3SG.IMPF.ACT.SUBJ
8 oraculum oracle ACC.SG.N
9 audiebat he was hearing 3SG.IMPF.ACT.IND
10 vocem voice ACC.SG.F
11 loquentis of speaking GEN.SG PRES.ACT.PTCP
12 ad to PREP+ACC
13 se himself ACC.SG REFL
14 de from PREP+ABL
15 propitiatorio propitiatory ABL.SG.N
16 quod which NOM.SG.N REL
17 erat was 3SG.IMPF.ACT.IND
18 super upon PREP+ACC
19 arcam ark ACC.SG.F
20 testimonii of testimony GEN.SG.N
21 inter between PREP+ACC
22 duos two ACC.PL.M
23 Cherubim Cherubim ACC.PL INDECL
24 unde from where ADV
25 et also CONJ
26 loquebatur He was speaking 3SG.IMPF.DEP.IND
27 ei to him DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque ingrederetur Moyses tabernaculum fœderis — introduced by cum with subjunctive, describing ongoing action in past time.

Purpose Clause: ut consuleret oraculum — expresses intention using subjunctive.

Main Clause: audiebat vocem loquentis ad se — imperfect verb indicates repeated or continuous hearing.

Prepositional Phrase: de propitiatorio — source of the voice.

Relative Clause: quod erat super arcam testimonii — describes the propitiatory.

Spatial Phrase: inter duos Cherubim — indicates position.

Relative-Adverbial Clause: unde et loquebatur ei — indicates origin of speech.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + -que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: —; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Combines temporal conjunction with enclitic.
  2. ingrederetur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: was entering; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Leader of Israel.
  4. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: Sacred structure.
  5. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies tabernaculum; Translation: of covenant; Notes: Specifies sacred relation.
  6. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: —; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: to; Notes: Requires subjunctive.
  7. consuleret — Lemma: consulo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: purpose verb; Translation: consult; Notes: Intentional action.
  8. oraculum — Lemma: oraculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: oracle; Notes: Divine message.
  9. audiebat — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: was hearing; Notes: Continuous past action.
  10. vocem — Lemma: vox; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object; Translation: voice; Notes: Audible revelation.
  11. loquentis — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent participle; Form: genitive singular present participle; Function: modifies vocem; Translation: of speaking; Notes: Indicates ongoing speech.
  12. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: Direction toward.
  13. se — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object; Translation: himself; Notes: Refers back to subject.
  14. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Origin of voice.
  15. propitiatorio — Lemma: propitiatorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: propitiatory; Notes: Mercy seat.
  16. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: introduces clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to propitiatory.
  17. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative; Function: verb; Translation: was; Notes: Past state.
  18. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: Spatial relation.
  19. arcam — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object; Translation: ark; Notes: Sacred container.
  20. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies arcam; Translation: of testimony; Notes: Covenant reference.
  21. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: location; Translation: between; Notes: Spatial relation.
  22. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies Cherubim; Translation: two; Notes: Cardinal number.
  23. Cherubim — Lemma: Cherubim; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative plural indeclinable; Function: object; Translation: Cherubim; Notes: Angelic beings.
  24. unde — Lemma: unde; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: —; Function: introduces clause; Translation: from where; Notes: Indicates source.
  25. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: —; Function: connects clause; Translation: also; Notes: Emphasis.
  26. loquebatur — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect indicative; Function: verb; Translation: He was speaking; Notes: Divine speech.
  27. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: Refers to Moyses.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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