Genesis 36:22

Posted on February 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 36:22 Facti sunt autem filii Lotan: Hori et Heman. erat autem soror Lotan, Thamna.

Now the sons of Lotan were: Hori and Heman. And the sister of Lotan was Thamna.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Facti having been made / became V.PERF.PART.NOM.PL.M
2 sunt were V.3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
3 autem however / now ADV
4 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
5 Lotan of Lotan PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
6 Hori Hori PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 Heman Hemam PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
9 erat was V.3SG.IMPERF.ACT.IND
10 autem however / also ADV
11 soror sister NOUN.NOM.SG.F
12 Lotan of Lotan PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
13 Thamna Timna PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Clause 1: Facti sunt autem filii Lotan —
Compound predicate Facti sunt (“were made” or “became”) introduces genealogical assertion; filii as nominative subject, Lotan as genitive of possession (“the sons of Lotan were”).

Appositive Phrase: Hori et Heman —
Coordinate nominatives naming Lotan’s two sons.

Clause 2: erat autem soror Lotan Thamna —
Imperfect copula erat with subject soror (“sister”), genitive Lotan (“of Lotan”), and predicate nominative Thamna (“was Thamna”).

Morphology

  1. Facti — Lemma: fīo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle nominative plural masculine; Function: part of periphrastic verbal phrase with sunt; Translation: “were made / became”; Notes: Passive or intransitive use, describing genealogical development (“came to be”).
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural perfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary with Facti; Translation: “were”; Notes: Completes periphrastic perfect construction.
  3. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: postpositive conjunction/adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: transitional particle; Translation: “however / now”; Notes: Introduces a narrative continuation.
  4. filii — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Refers to offspring of Lotan.
  5. Lotan — Lemma: Lotan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession modifying filii; Translation: “of Lotan”; Notes: Denotes paternal relationship.
  6. Hori — Lemma: Hori; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Hori”; Notes: One of Lotan’s sons, eponym of Horite tribe.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects Hori and Heman; Translation: “and”; Notes: Polysyndetic list structure.
  8. Heman — Lemma: Heman; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Heman”; Notes: Second son of Lotan, concluding the appositive pair.
  9. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: “was”; Notes: Introduces a separate clause indicating identity.
  10. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: narrative connector; Translation: “also / moreover”; Notes: Links the second clause to the previous genealogical statement.
  11. soror — Lemma: soror; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of erat; Translation: “sister”; Notes: Identifies female relative in the lineage.
  12. Lotan — Lemma: Lotan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession modifying soror; Translation: “of Lotan”; Notes: Specifies family relation.
  13. Thamna — Lemma: Thamna; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “Thamna”; Notes: Names the sister of Lotan, later linked to Amalekite genealogy.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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